Milton Feng co-created the first transistor laser, working with Nick Holonyak in 2004. The paper discussing their work was voted in 2006 as one of the five most important papers published by the American Institute of Physics since its founding 75 years ago. In addition to the invention of transistor laser, he is also well known for inventions of other "major breakthrough" devices, including the world's fastest transistor and light-emitting transistor (LET). As of May, 2009 he is a professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and holds the Nick Holonyak Jr. Endowed Chair Professorship.
Inventions edit
World's fastest transistor edit
In 2003, Milton Feng and his graduate students Walid Hafez and Jie-Wei Lai broke the record for the world's fastest transistor. Their device, made of indium phosphide and indium gallium arsenide with 25 nm thick base and 75 nm thick collector, marked a frequency of 509 GHz, which was 57 GHz faster than the previous record.
In 2005, they succeeded in fabricating a device at Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory to break their own record, reaching 604 GHz.
In 2006, Feng and his other graduate student William Snodgrass fabricated an indium phosphide and indium gallium arsenide device with 12.5 nm thick base, operating at 765 GHz at room temperature and 845 GHz at -55 °C.[2][3]
Light-emitting transistor edit
Reported in the January 5 issue of the journal Applied Physics Letters in 2004, Milton Feng and Nick Holonyak, the inventor of the first practical light-emitting diode (LED) and the first semiconductor laser to operate in the visible spectrum, made the world's first light-emitting transistor. This hybrid device, fabricated by Feng's graduate student Walid Hafez, had one electrical input and two outputs (electrical output and optical output) and operated at a frequency of 1 MHz. The device was made of indium gallium phosphide, indium gallium arsenide, and gallium arsenide, and emitted infrared photons from the base layer.[4][5]
Transistor laser edit
Described in the November 15 issue of the journal Applied Physics Letters in 2004, Milton Feng, Nick Holonyak, postdoctoral research associate Gabriel Walter, and graduate research assistant Richard Chan demonstrated operation of the first heterojunction bipolar transistor laser by incorporating a quantum well in the active region of a light-emitting transistor. As with a light-emitting transistor, the transistor laser was made of indium gallium phosphide, indium gallium arsenide, and gallium arsenide, but emitted a coherent beam by stimulated emission, which differed from their previous device that only emitted incoherent photons. Despite their success, the device was not useful for practical purposes since it only operated at low temperatures – about minus 75 Celsius degrees.
Within a year, though, the researchers finally fabricated a transistor laser operating at room temperature by using metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), as reported in the September 26 issue of the same journal. At this time, the transistor laser had a 14-layer structure including aluminium gallium arsenide optical confining layers and indium gallium arsenide quantum wells. The emitting cavity was 2,200 nm wide and 0.85 mm long, and had continuous modes at 1,000 nm. In addition, it had a threshold current of 40 mA and direct modulation of the laser at 3 GHz.
Recognition edit
- In 2006, Transistor laser was the most popular Top 10-Science Story (rank #4) on EurekAlert by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).
- In 2006, American Institute of Physics selected "Room Temperature Continuous Wave Operation of a Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor Laser" as top 5 paper published in the 43 years history of Applied Physics Letters.
- In 2005, Discover Magazine selected Transistor Laser as top 100 most important discovery.
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "Milton Feng". Electrical & Computing Engineering. University of Illinois. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
- ^ Kloeppel, James E. (Dec 11, 2006). "World's fastest transistor approaches goal of terahertz device" (Press release). Champaign, Ill.: University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. University of Illinois News Bureau. Retrieved 2018-02-21.
- ^ Snodgrass, William; Hafez, Walid; Harff, Nathan; Feng, Milton (2006). "Pseudomorphic InP/InGaAs Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (PHBTS) Experimentally Demonstrating fT = 765 GHZ at 25 °C Increasing to fT = 845 GHZ at -55 °C". 2006 International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM '06). 2006 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting. December 10–13, 2006. San Francisco, CA. pp. 1–4. doi:10.1109/IEDM.2006.346853. ISBN 1-4244-0438-X. S2CID 27243567.
- ^ Justin Mullins (January 2004). "First Light-Emitting Transistor: The inventor of the LED makes another optoelectronics breakthrough". IEEE Spectrum. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
- ^ Kloeppel, James E. "New light-emitting transistor could revolutionize electronics industry". news.illinois.edu. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
Further reading edit
- James E. Kloeppel (11 December 2006). "World's fastest transistor approaches goal of terahertz device" (Press release). University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Archived from the original on 2007-02-12.
- James E. Kloeppel (11 April 2005). "New material structure produces world's fastest transistor" (Press release). University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Archived from the original on 2007-06-30.
- James E. Kloeppel (6 November 2003). "Illinois researchers create world's fastest transistor ... again" (Press release). University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Archived from the original on 2007-08-11.
- Josh Wolfe (4 March 2004). "Nanotech: 2003 Was A Banner Year". Forbes. Archived from the original on 2004-04-05.
- James E. Kloeppel (5 January 2004). "New light-emitting transistor could revolutionize electronics industry" (Press release). University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Archived from the original on 2007-06-30.
- http://compoundsemiconductor.net/cws/article/news/18827[permanent dead link]
- "Light Emitting Transistor". Physics News Graphics (Press release). 30 December 2003. Archived from the original on 2007-01-05.
- James E. Kloeppel (31 May 2006). "Illinois researchers produce two most important scientific papers" (Press release). University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Archived from the original on 2007-04-15.
- James E. Kloeppel (26 September 2005). "Room-temperature transistor laser is step closer to commercialization" (Press release). University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Archived from the original on 2007-04-15.
- James E. Kloeppel (15 November 2004). "New transistor laser could lead to faster signal processing" (Press release). University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Archived from the original on 2007-07-05.
- Harry Yeates (28 September 2005). "Practical HBT laser runs at room temp". Electronics Weekly.