Miller Huggins

Miller Huggins

Miller Huggins in 1910
Second baseman / Manager
Born: March 27, 1879
Cincinnati, Ohio
Died: September 25, 1929(1929-09-25) (aged 50)
New York City, New York
Batted: Both Threw: Right 
MLB debut
April 15, 1904 for the Cincinnati Reds
Last MLB appearance
September 13, 1916 for the St. Louis Cardinals
Career statistics
Batting average     .265
Home runs     9
Runs batted in     318
Stolen bases     324
Teams

As Player

As Manager
Career highlights and awards
Member of the National
Empty Star.svgEmpty Star.svgEmpty Star.svgBaseball Hall of Fame Empty Star.svgEmpty Star.svgEmpty Star.svg
Induction     1964
Election Method     Veterans Committee

Miller James Huggins (March 27, 1879 – September 25, 1929) was an American professional baseball player and manager. A second baseman, Huggins played in Major League Baseball for the Cincinnati Reds (1904–1909) and St. Louis Cardinals (1910–1916). He managed the Cardinals (1913–1917) and New York Yankees (1918–1929), including the Murderers' Row teams of the 1920s that won six American League (AL) pennants and three World Series championships.

Huggins was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He received a degree in law from the University of Cincinnati, where he was also captain on the baseball team. Rather than serve as a lawyer, Huggins chose to pursue a professional baseball career. He played semi-professional and minor league baseball from 1898 through 1903, at which time he signed with the Reds.

As a player, Huggins was adept at getting on base. He was also an excellent fielding second baseman, earning the nicknames "Rabbit", "Little Everywhere", and "Mighty Mite" for his defensive prowess. Huggins was considered an intelligent manager who understood the fundamentals of the game. Despite fielding successful teams for the Yankees in the 1920s, he continued to make personnel changes in order to maintain his teams' superiority in the AL. He was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee in 1964.

Early life

Huggins was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, where his father, an Englishman, worked as a grocer.[1] His mother was a native of Cincinnati. He had two brothers and one sister.[2]

"You can become a pleader or a player, not both. Try baseball. You seem to like it better."

 – William Howard Taft to Huggins at the University of Cincinnati[3]

Huggins attended Woodward High School, Walnut Hills High School, and the University of Cincinnati.[2][3] At Cincinnati, Huggins studied law and played college baseball for the Cincinnati Bearcats baseball team. A shortstop, Huggins was named team captain of the Bearcats in 1900.[2] Consumed with baseball, Huggins' law professors summoned him to inquire as to why they should keep him in the law program.[3]

Huggins' father, a devout Methodist, objected to his son playing baseball on Sundays.[1] However, Huggins played semi-professional baseball in 1898 for the Cincinnati Shamrocks, a team organized by Julius Fleischmann.[4] Huggins played under the pseudonym "Proctor" due to his father's opposition and his amateur status.[1][2] In 1900, he played for Fleischmann's semi-professional team based in the Catskill Mountains, the Mountain Tourists, leading the team with a .400 batting average.[1][2]

Huggins graduated from Cincinnati with a law degree, but realized that he made more money playing baseball.[1]William Howard Taft, one of Huggins' law professors, advised him to play baseball.[4][5] Though he was admitted to the bar, Huggins never practiced law.[6]

Professional career

Early playing career (1899–1903)

Huggins began his playing career in minor league baseball with the Mansfield Haymakers of the Class-B Interstate League in 1899. He continued his minor league apprenticeship with the St. Paul Saints of the American Association from 1901 through 1903.[4] Beginning his career exclusively as a right-handed hitter, Huggins began to bat from the left side in 1902 in response to his offensive struggles in the 1901 season. He also shifted his position to second base while playing for St. Paul.[2]

Miller Huggins' 1909 baseball card

Huggins handled 19 fielding chances, 11 putouts and nine assists, without committing an error in a game with the Saints in 1902; the Major League Baseball (MLB) record was 18, set by Fred Dunlap in 1882.[7] In 1903, Huggins executed the first delayed steal in recorded baseball history.[3]

Cincinnati Reds (1904–1909)

Fleischmann, part-owner of the Cincinnati Reds of the National League (NL), kept an eye on Huggins while he played for St. Paul. The Reds purchased Huggins from the Saints before the 1904 season.[2] He made his MLB debut on April 15, 1904.[7] Huggins proved very adept at getting on base. He batted .264 with the Reds that season. Huggins improved in the 1906 season, finishing with a .292 batting average and 41 stolen bases,[4] as he spent considerable time working on his upper body strength.[2]

Though Huggins hoped to be selected as Ned Hanlon's successor as Cincinnati's manager after the 1907 season, the Reds instead went with John Ganzel.[8] In 1908, Huggins played with the Reds in the Cuban-American Major League Clubs Series. Suffering from a broken ankle and torn ligaments in his shoulder, Huggins slumped to a .209 batting average during the 1909 season.[2]

St. Louis Cardinals (1910–1917)

Before the 1910 season, the Reds traded Huggins with Frank Corridon and Rebel Oakes to the St. Louis Cardinals for Fred Beebe and Alan Storke. Huggins set an MLB record on June 1, 1910 with six plate appearances but no at bats, as he drew four walks and hit two sacrifice flies.[4][7] Huggins batted .265 for the Cardinals in 1910, and led the NL in walks.[9]

Huggins with the St. Louis Cardinals in 1912

On July 13, 1911, Huggins tied the NL record for successful fielding chances with 16.[4] Huggins finished sixth in the voting for the Chalmers Award in 1911, which was given to the Most Valuable Player. In the 1912 season, Huggins batted over .300 for the first time in his career.[2]

Huggins became player-manager for the Cardinals after the 1912 season, succeeding Roger Bresnahan.[10][11][12] Team owner Helene Hathaway Britton preferred Huggins' "gentlemanly" manner, as opposed to Bresnahan's rougher personality.[13]

With the acquisitions of speedy players in a trade with the Pittsburgh Pirates, including Dots Miller, Art Butler, Cozy Dolan, and Chief Wilson, the Cardinals contended for the NL pennant in 1914.[14] Finishing in third place, it was the Cardinals' best finish since 1876.[13] However, the Cardinals fell to sixth place in 1915 and last in 1916.[13] When Britton sold the team after the 1916 season, she offered Huggins a chance to buy a part of the team. While he was attempting to raise money from the Fleischmann family, Britton sold the team to a group headed by Samuel Breadon, who hired Branch Rickey to run the team.[13]

Huggins coached the young Rogers Hornsby, helping him to correct his batting stance.[10] Hornsby succeeded Huggins as the team's starting second baseman in 1917, as Huggins ended his playing career.[13] He managed the team in 1917, the last year of his contract, and was not retained.[13]

New York Yankees (1918–1929)

With the New York Yankees of the American League (AL) in disarray, AL president Ban Johnson suggested Huggins to owner Jacob Ruppert as a replacement for "Wild" Bill Donovan. Ruppert's co-owner, Tillinghast L'Hommedieu Huston, was in Europe at the time that Ruppert hired Huggins. Huston disliked Huggins, preferring to hire Wilbert Robinson, his drinking buddy.[15] Ruppert himself was put off by Huggins' wool cap and practice of smoking pipes in public, which he felt was the mark of the working class.[15] However, Ruppert interviewed Huggins upon Johnson's recommendation, and agreed that Huggins knew much about baseball.[15] Ruppert offered the job to Huggins, who initially did not want to take the position, as the Yankees were no better than the Cardinals. J. G. Taylor Spink of The Sporting News convinced Huggins to accept the offer.[15] Huggins agreed, signing a two-year contract.[16] The hiring of Huggins drove a wedge between the two co-owners that culminated in Huston selling his shares of the team to Ruppert in 1922.[3][17]

"I call him the squarest shooter I ever knew in baseball."

 – Lou Gehrig on Huggins[3]

Huggins did not shy away from making personnel changes.[18][19][20] Upon taking over the Yankees, Huggins stressed fundamental baseball, drilling the Yankees in the art of the bunt.[21] He also made his first player transaction, acquiring Del Pratt and Eddie Plank from the St. Louis Browns for Nick Cullop, Joe Gedeon, Fritz Maisel, Les Nunamaker, Urban Shocker and $15,000 ($231,770 in current dollar terms),[22] a move that led to criticism in the press.[21]

In Huggins' first season with the Yankees, the team finished fourth in the AL.[23] After that season, he obtained Ernie Shore, Dutch Leonard and Duffy Lewis from the Boston Red Sox for Ray Caldwell, Frank Gilhooley, Slim Love, and Roxy Walters.[22] After the 1920 season, he traded Pratt, Muddy Ruel, Hank Thormahlen and Sammy Vick to the Red Sox for Waite Hoyt, Harry Harper, Mike McNally and Wally Schang.[22]

Huston continually took the side of his players in any argument they had against Huggins.[15] He criticized Huggins in the press when the Yankees lost the pennant in 1920.[15] Meanwhile, Ruppert was at best a lukewarm advocate of Huggins.[24]Babe Ruth resisted Huggins' discipline; he did not respect Huggins due to his small stature, soft-spoken nature, and inability to fight.[25], Huggins was unable to enforce punishments on Ruth.[24] The Yankees finished third in the AL in 1919 and 1920.[23]

Huggins with the Yankees in 1922

Coming into the 1921 season, Huggins dealt with criticism in the press: Hugh Fullerton wrote that "in the past Huggins has not shone as a leader of men".[26] By that season, Huggins developed Aaron Ward, Wally Pipp, and Bob Shawkey.[27] The Yankees won their first AL pennant in 1921,[23] reaching the World Series for the first time in franchise history. However, they lost the 1921 World Series to the New York Giants. In response, Huggins sought to add more pitching talent.[28]

Before the 1922 season, Huggins acquired Johnny Mitchell from the Vernon Tigers of the Pacific Coast League and traded fan favorite Roger Peckinpaugh along with Rip Collins, Bill Piercy, and Jack Quinn to the Red Sox for Everett Scott, Bullet Joe Bush, and Sad Sam Jones.[22] The Yankees repeated as AL champions,[23] but lost the 1922 World Series, again to the Giants. With the confidence of his owners, Huggins was retained as manager.[29][30]

The Yankees won their first World Series in 1923, preventing the Giants from winning the World Series in three consecutive years.[31] The Yankees finished second in 1924 to the Washington Senators.[23]

As the Yankees struggled in 1925, Huggins made wholesale changes to the Yankees' lineup on June 2. He replaced Ward at second base with Howard Shanks. Catchers Steve O'Neill and Wally Schang were replaced by Benny Bengough. Most notably, Lou Gehrig replaced Pipp at first base, beginning Gehrig's record consecutive games played streak. Among the team's regulars, only Babe Ruth, Joe Dugan, and Bob Meusel remained in the lineup.[32] When asked about rumors that he might replace Huggins, Ruppert stated that "Miller Huggins will be manager as long as he cares to be".[33] The Yankees fell to seventh place in the AL that season.[23]

With Ruppert's full support, Huggins' duties with the Yankees included keeping Ruth in line.[3][24] Unafraid of his star player, Huggins and Ruth often clashed.[34] Huggins suspended Ruth indefinitely on August 29, 1925 for "misconduct off the playing field", while also fining him $5,000 ($66,262 in current dollar terms).[35][36] Ruth responded by claiming Ruppert would rescind the fine and suspension, and that he would never play for Huggins again, believing that Ruppert would side with him over Huggins. However, Ruppert insisted that the fine would stand and that Ruth would be suspended for as long as Huggins desired.[24] After apologizing to Huggins and Ruppert,[37] Huggins reinstated Ruth on September 5.[38] Ruth did not challenge Huggins' authority again.[24]

"He was the only man who knew how to keep me in line."

 – Babe Ruth on Huggins[3]

Huggins restructured the team in 1926, bringing in Mark Koenig and Tony Lazzeri. That season, Huggins won his fourth pennant with the Yankees in 1926,[10] marking the first time that a team won a pennant after finishing seventh the year prior.[23][39] However, the Yankees lost the 1926 World Series to the Cardinals in seven games.

With the pennant in 1927, Huggins matched Cap Anson's mark of five pennants in seven seasons.[40] That year, the Yankees benefited from the development of George Pipgras and Wilcy Moore.[23] The Yankees set an MLB record with 110 regular season victories[41] and swept the Pittsburgh Pirates in the 1927 World Series.

Huggins again restructured the team, bringing in new pitchers, in 1928.[42] The Yankees reached the 1928 World Series, winning their sixth pennant in eight years,[20] and defeated the Cardinals 4 games to 0. This was the first time a team swept their opponents in consecutive World Series'.[43]

Huggins continued to tinker with his roster during the offseason. He traded Dugan, Mike Gazella, Rosy Ryan and Pat Collins,[20] and acquired Lyn Lary from the Pacific Coast League.[44] He tried Lary at third base and Leo Durocher at shortstop.[45] Huggins attempted to acquire George Uhle and Ed Morris, but was unsuccessful in both cases.[20] The Yankees fell behind the Philadelphia Athletics in the standings during the 1929 season. As it became clear that the Yankees would not win the AL pennant in 1929, Huggins began consulting with coaches Art Fletcher and Bob Shawkey about the future of the team, including how to replace Bob Meusel in left field.[45] However, Huggins began losing weight and feeling ill by August 1929.[43]

Death

The monument dedicated to Huggins by the New York Yankees in Monument Park

Huggins fell ill on September 20, 1929, checking in to Saint Vincent's Catholic Medical Center for erysipelas. Matters worsened due to influenza, which caused high fever.[46][47] The Yankees' club physician, in consultation with other doctors, decided to perform blood transfusions.[46][48]

Huggins died at the age of 50 on September 25, 1929 of pyaemia.[46] The league canceled its games for the following day out of respect.[49] The viewing of his casket at Yankee Stadium drew thousands of tearful fans. A moment of silence was held for Huggins prior to the start of Game 4 of the 1929 World Series.[50] He was interred at Spring Grove Cemetery in Cincinnati.[3]

The Yankees found it difficult to replace Huggins. Fletcher managed the team for its final eleven games of the 1929 season, but he did not want to manage the team full-time. After the season, Ruppert offered the job to Fletcher, Donie Bush, and Eddie Collins, all of whom declined. Eventually, Shawkey agreed to serve as the Yankees manager for the 1930 season.[45][51]

Playing and managing profile

Huggins was listed at 5 feet 5 inches (1.65 m) and 140 pounds (64 kg).[2] His small stature inspired the nicknames "Mighty Mite" and the "Mite Manager".[52] He was also known as "Rabbit" and "Little Everywhere" for his ability to cover ground defensively.[4] An excellent lead-off batter and defensive second baseman, he ended his playing career with a .265 batting average and .956 fielding percentage.[4] He led the league in walks four times and regularly posted an on base percentage near .400. He scored 100 or more runs three times and regularly stole 30 or more bases. He finished his career with 324 steals.

Huggins finished his managerial career with a 1413–1134 record. His 1413 wins as a manager ranks 23rd all-time.[53] He learned his managerial strategy by observing Hanlon and Bresnahan. His style of managing included the use of speed through base stealing, hit and runs, and slap hitting. The acquisition of the power hitting Ruth meant a change towards emphasizing power and not giving away outs.[25] With the Yankees, he recruited batters with the ability to hit for power and pitchers who were consistent, rather than brilliant.[25]

Legacy

In 1915, umpire and sportswriter Billy Evans, writing about the scarcity of competent second basemen in baseball, listed Huggins, Collins, Pratt, Johnny Evers, and Nap Lajoie as the best in the game.[5] He later wrote that Huggins was "one of the greatest managers I have ever met".[54]Bill James ranked Huggins as the 37th best second baseman of all time in 2001 in his The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract.[49]

The Yankees dedicated a monument to Huggins on May 30, 1932, placing it in front of the flagpole in center field at Yankee Stadium. Huggins was the first of many Yankees legends granted this honor, which eventually became "Monument Park", dedicated in 1976. The monument calls Huggins "A splendid character who made priceless contributions to baseball."[55] The Yankees also named a field at Al Lang Stadium, their spring training home, after Huggins.[56][43]

Huggins was included on the ballot for the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1937, 1938, 1939, 1942, 1945, 1946, 1948, and 1950,[a] failing to receive the number of votes required for election on those occasions. The Veterans Committee elected Huggins to the Hall of Fame in February 1964,[24] and he was posthumously inducted that summer.[57]

Personal

Huggins was a private man who kept to himself. He lived in Cincinnati during the winters while playing for the Reds and Cardinals,[2] but began to make St. Petersburg, Florida his winter home while managing the Yankees.[58] Huggins did not marry,[2] and lived with his sister while in Cincinnati.[3]

Huggins invested in real estate holdings in Florida.[59] He sold them in 1926 as they took too much of his time away from baseball.[60] He enjoyed playing golf and billiards in his spare time.[2][61]

See also

Portal icon Biography portal
Portal icon Baseball portal

Notes

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Koppett, Leonard. The Man in the Dugout: Baseball's Top Managers and How They Got That Way. Temple University Press. p. 83. ISBN 1-56639-745-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=TCdRaxPVmKQC&pg=PA83&dq=miller+huggins&hl=en&sa=X&ei=lAGOT7CNDsWiiQKCy-GQDw&ved=0CD8Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=miller%20huggins&f=false. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Miller Huggins of Cards is Smallest Player in Majors". The Meriden Daily Journal: p. 8. August 7, 1913. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=afZcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=pVkNAAAAIBAJ&pg=4070,6267635&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Wheeler, Lonnie (June 3, 2003). "Huggins cornerstone to Yankees". The Cincinnati Post. 
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Grayson, Harry (June 5, 1943). "Huggins Excelled As Lead-Off Man". The Pittsburgh Press: p. 8. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wc8aAAAAIBAJ&sjid=oUwEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3298,1472380&dq=grayson+played+the+game&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  5. ^ a b Smelser, Marshall (1993). The Life That Ruth Built: A Biography. University of Nebraska Press. p. 193. ISBN 0-8032-9218-X. http://books.google.com/books?id=pTWjVDU7AksC&pg=PA193&lpg=PA193&dq=miller+huggins+delayed+steal&source=bl&ots=yBCm6Y-e3a&sig=A7NjHFi1c_p4aLgiiIVf6pucKSE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=N6CNT_rCO6KZiQKXvuzOCA&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=miller%20huggins%20delayed%20steal&f=false. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  6. ^ McDermott, J. R. (October 1913). "Miller Huggins, the Midget Manager" (pdf). The Baseball Magazine (Baseball Magazine Co.) 11 (6): 63. http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/BBM/1913/bbm116l.pdf. Retrieved April 18, 2012. 
  7. ^ a b c "Miller Huggins Holds a Fielding Record: Yankees' Manager Handled 19 Chances In One Game At Second Base Without An Error In 1902". Reading Eagle. January 10, 1923. http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19230110&id=7hQrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=X5wFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5097,1596000. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  8. ^ "Stands No Chance of Being Manager: Miller Huggins". The Pittsburgh Press: p. 26. December 20, 1907. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=yykbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vUgEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2598,4731177&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  9. ^ "Miller Huggins And Evers Best Waiters In National: Official Figures for Strikeouts and Bases on Balls Are Interesting--Cardinals Lead League in Walking and Brooklyn Club in Whiffing". Detroit Free Press: p. 7. January 9, 1911. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/freep/access/1748373012.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jan+09%2C+1911&author=&pub=Detroit+Free+Press+%281858-1922%29&desc=MILLER+HUGGINS+AND+EVERS+BEST+WAITERS+IN+NATIONAL&pqatl=google. Retrieved April 17, 2012.  (Subscription required)
  10. ^ a b c "Miller Huggins Has Won Four Pennants". Portsmouth Daily Times. Associated Press. September 28, 1926. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=gyRBAAAAIBAJ&sjid=fqgMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6291,5700742&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  11. ^ "Miller Huggins For Roger's Job". The Atlanta Constitution: p. 10. October 24, 1912. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/ajc_historic/access/546617882.html?dids=546617882:546617882&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&date=Oct+24%2C+1912&author=&pub=The+Atlanta+Constitution&desc=MILLER+HUGGINS+FOR+ROGER%27S+JOB&pqatl=google. Retrieved April 17, 2012.  (Subscription required)
  12. ^ "Huggins to Manage Cardinals". The New York Times: p. S4. November 3, 1912. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0F14F9345813738DDDAA0894D9415B828DF1D3. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  13. ^ a b c d e f Koppett, p. 84
  14. ^ O'Connor, W. J. (August 22, 1914). "Miller Huggins Wins Recognition As A Great Pilot :Has Made Pennant Factor of Cards. Midget Manager, With a Little Money and Few New Players, Has Built Up Flag Contender". The Pittsburgh Press: p. 7. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=mhsbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MUkEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3958,5194297&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  15. ^ a b c d e f Smelser, p. 194
  16. ^ "Miller Huggins to Pilot Yankees: Signed for Two Years to Succeed Wild Bill Donovan. Tom Connery Will Scout for Yanks. Under Huggins Cardinals Finished Third Twice in National Three Prominent Figures in Latest Major League Baseball Change". Hartford Courant: p. 14. October 26, 1917. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courant/access/783927862.html?dids=783927862:783927862&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Oct+26%2C+1917&author=&pub=Hartford+Courant&desc=MILLER+HUGGINS+TO+PILOT+YANKEES&pqatl=google. Retrieved April 17, 2012.  (Subscription required)
  17. ^ Koppett, p. 85
  18. ^ "Yankees' Manager Planning Trades — Miller Huggins Arrives Here and Says He Hopes to Strengthen the Club by Deals". The New York Times. November 29, 1919. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40812F93E5F1B728DDDA00A94D9415B898DF1D3. Retrieved April 18, 2012. 
  19. ^ "Miller Huggins: Baseball's Chief Wholesale Trader". Hartford Courant: p. 14. December 22, 1921. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courant/access/739596172.html?dids=739596172:739596172&FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&type=historic&date=Dec+22%2C+1921&author=&pub=Hartford+Courant&desc=MILLER+HUGGINS+BASEBALL%27S+CHIEF+WHOLESALE+TRADER&pqatl=google. Retrieved April 17, 2012.  (Subscription required)
  20. ^ a b c d "Miller Huggins' Annual Housecleaning: Castoff List Grows Larger in New Drive". The Miami News. Associated Press: p. J-5. January 4, 1929. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Kk8uAAAAIBAJ&sjid=WtgFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4159,396283&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  21. ^ a b "Miller Huggins Talks Of Plans For Converting Yankees Into A Winning Combination — Huggins Is Ready To Mold Yankees New Manager Settles Down To Task Of Winning A Pennant For Local Club. Says He Seeks Outfielder: With Pratt at Second and Another Good Hitter, Leader Thinks Team Can Triumph". The New York Times. February 2, 1918. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0D16FA3B5B11738DDDAB0894DA405B888DF1D3. Retrieved April 18, 2012. 
  22. ^ a b c d Farrell, Henry L. (January 6, 1922). "Miller Huggins Champion Trader of Major League". Berkeley Daily Gazette. United Press International: p. 3. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QFgiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=nqcFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1456,378932&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h Evans, Billy (August 15, 1927). "Miller Huggins Seeks Young Hurling Stars". The Milwaukee Journal: p. 1. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ZrJQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=NiIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3930,4069793&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  24. ^ a b c d e f Daley, Arthur (February 4, 1964). "Choice of Yanks' Huggins was Satisfying to Many". The Milwaukee Journal. The New York Times News Service: p. 2. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_BweAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Y34EAAAAIBAJ&pg=4950,1787565&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  25. ^ a b c Koppett, p. 88
  26. ^ Smelser, p. 196
  27. ^ "Huggins Has Developed Only Four Members of His Pennant Crew". St. Petersburg Times: p. 7. January 25, 1922. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CqpaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=D00DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6784,2499515&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  28. ^ "Miller Huggins Seeks Material For Yank Team: World's Series Emphasized Need For First Class Hurlers". The Telegraph-Herald: p. 13. December 14, 1921. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kSBRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=xNAMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4140,920585&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  29. ^ "Miller Huggins In Full Control Of Yankee Team: Two Colonels Give Little Leader Power to Handle Club as He Sees Fit". Detroit Free Press: p. 18. October 13, 1922. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/freep/access/1873192632.html?FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:AI&type=historic&date=Oct+13%2C+1922&author=&pub=Detroit+Free+Press+%281858-1922%29&desc=Miller+Huggins+In+Full+Control+Of+Yankee+Team&pqatl=google. Retrieved April 17, 2012.  (Subscription required)
  30. ^ Cummiskey, Thomas L. (October 10, 1922). "Yankee Owner to Retain Miller Huggins". The Telegraph-Herald. Universal Service: p. 11. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3qhjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=js0MAAAAIBAJ&pg=2611,3376876&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  31. ^ "Yanks Win Title - 6-4 Victory Ends $1,063,815 Series — Eighth-Inning Rally Dashes McGraw's Last Hope of Three Straight Championships". The New York Times. October 16, 1923. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0912FC3E5416738DDDAF0994D8415B838EF1D3. Retrieved April 18, 2012.  (Subscription required)
  32. ^ Freeman, Rick (March 25, 2012). "Setting the record straight on Pipp, Gehrig". The Times of Trenton (NJ.com). http://www.nj.com/times-sports/index.ssf/2012/03/setting_the_record_straight_on.html. Retrieved April 18, 2012. 
  33. ^ "Ruppert Denies Miller Huggins to Leave Yanks". St. Petersburg Times. Associated Press: p. 7. July 25, 1925. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hB1PAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7UwDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6158,2594325&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  34. ^ Smelser, p. 195
  35. ^ "Ruth Suspended, Fined $5,000 by Miller Huggins". Ellensburg Daily Record. Associated Press: p. 1. August 29, 1925. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vNcrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lYQFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6301,5051599&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  36. ^ "Ruth Assails Miller Huggins: Suspended Slugger Declares Manager Seeks to Shift Blame From Poor Showing of Team". Gettysburg Times: p. 2. August 31, 1925. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vr0lAAAAIBAJ&sjid=fPsFAAAAIBAJ&pg=691,901723&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  37. ^ "Ruppert Sends Ruth Back to Miller Huggins". The Washington Reporter. United Press International: p. 1. September 1, 1925. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LDxeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gmANAAAAIBAJ&pg=3971,4223055&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  38. ^ "Reinstate Babe Ruth Saturday, Huggins". Gettysburg Times: p. 3. September 5, 1925. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=vr0lAAAAIBAJ&sjid=fPsFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4320,664453&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  39. ^ Lanigan, Ernest J. (October 24, 1926). "Miller Huggins Smashes American League Mark: Brings Seventh Place Team One Year to Pennant in Next Start--Junior Circuit Used to Seeing Flag Winners Repeating". Hartford Courant: p. B5. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courant/access/848194242.html?dids=848194242:848194242&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Oct+24%2C+1926&author=&pub=Hartford+Courant&desc=Miller+Huggins+Smashes+American+League+Mark&pqatl=google. Retrieved April 17, 2012.  (Subscription required)
  40. ^ "Miller Huggins Likely To Equal Mark This Season: Five Pennants in Seven Years Won by Pop Anson in Old Days--Ruth and Meusel on Club When Streak Started". July 24, 1927. p. 2B. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courant/access/806581722.html?dids=806581722:806581722&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Jul+24%2C+1927&author=&pub=Hartford+Courant&desc=Miller+Huggins+Likely+To+Equal+Mark+This+Season&pqatl=google. Retrieved April 17, 2012.  (Subscription required)
  41. ^ "Athletics May Equal Total Victories Marks of '27 Yankees and '06 Cubs". Youngstown Vindicator: p. C-2. August 2, 1931. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wYtcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=XVcNAAAAIBAJ&pg=3167,6138392&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  42. ^ "Miller Huggins Daring Pilot". The Milwaukee Journal: p. 1. July 28, 1927. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4KNQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wSEEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4775,8430371&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  43. ^ a b c Koppett, p. 90
  44. ^ Moriarty, George (January 12, 1929). "Miller Huggins Refuses to Be Caught Napping". The Milwaukee Journal: p. 2. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=gu9QAAAAIBAJ&sjid=KiIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5206,2195907&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  45. ^ a b c Foster, John B. (October 26, 1929). "Shawkey to Carry Out Miller Huggins' Plans". The Milwaukee Journal: p. 2. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2IZRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=tiEEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4995,5183821&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  46. ^ a b c Kirksey, George (September 26, 1929). "Miller Huggins, New York Yankee Pilot, Succumbs". The Pittsburgh Press. United Press International: p. 32. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PWIbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=JksEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3664,3994065&dq=miller-huggins&hl=enM. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  47. ^ "Miller Huggins, Manager of Yanks, Critically Ill". The Pittsburgh Press. The United Press: p. 27. September 23, 1929. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=OmIbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=JksEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4838,2774825&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  48. ^ "Miller Huggins Still Fighting For Life: Yank Manager Holding Own, Little More". The Miami News. Associated Press: p. 11. September 24, 1929. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7D0uAAAAIBAJ&sjid=9tcFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3842,6446204&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  49. ^ a b Kallman, Jeff (March 22, 2012). "Great Players, Great Managers?". Sports Central (Sports-central.org). http://www.sports-central.org/sports/2012/03/22/great_players_great_managers.php. Retrieved April 18, 2012. 
  50. ^ Bell, Brian (October 12, 1929). "Cubs Trying Hard to Tie Up the World Series: Win Over Mack Nine Yesterday Gives New Life". The Miami News. Associated Press: p. 11. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zbEtAAAAIBAJ&sjid=FdgFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3629,2592623&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  51. ^ Wischnowsky, Dave (March 30, 2012). "Wisch: With House-Cleaning Done, Heat Is Now On Illini’s Thomas". CBS Chicago (Chicago.cbslocal.com). http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2012/03/30/wisch-with-house-cleaning-done-heat-is-now-on-illinis-thomas/. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  52. ^ Davis, Ralph (September 26, 1929). "Huggins Not Appreciated: Dead Manager of New York Yankees Was Quiet and Unobtrusive, Keeping Himself Out of the Spotlight". The Pittsburgh Press: p. 32. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PWIbAAAAIBAJ&sjid=JksEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3664,3994065&dq=miller-huggins&hl=enM. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  53. ^ "Baseball Managers and Managerial Leaders". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. http://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/. Retrieved April 18, 2012. 
  54. ^ Evans, Billy (December 17, 1928). "Billy Evans Praises Miller Huggins of Yanks". The Miami News: p. D18. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=30ouAAAAIBAJ&sjid=b9gFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5772,4193533&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  55. ^ "Mayor to Speak at Unveiling Of Huggins Memorial Today". The New York Times. May 30, 1932. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50615FC385A13738DDDA90B94DD405B828FF1D3. Retrieved August 28, 2010.  (Subscription required)
  56. ^ Walworth, Warren (February 11, 1958). "Young Yankees Report to Rookie Class Today: Miller Huggins Field Is Site of Talent Hunt". St. Petersburg Times: p. 1-C. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CjNSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=UHYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5360,5634852&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  57. ^ "7 Players Inducted Into Hall of Fame". The Palm Beach Post. Associated Press. July 28, 1964. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0NkiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZcwFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2751,6249516&dq=miller+huggins+christy+mathewson&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  58. ^ "Arthur Huggins, Miller Huggins' Brother, Dies". St. Petersburg Times: p. 9-B. June 26, 1963. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=C5tPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=eFIDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6960,2675390&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  59. ^ "Miller Huggins Has Proven His Faith in St. Petersburg by Buying and Improving Property". St. Petersburg Times: p. 4. February 24, 1925. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=q0kwAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-kwDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4569,3095231&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  60. ^ "Miller Huggins Sells Out His Real Estate Holding To Give Yanks Undivided Attention". The Evening Independent. February 18, 1926. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IdlPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=PVQDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2633,4138176&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 
  61. ^ "Miller Huggins, Yanks Manager, Arrives in City". The Evening Independent: p. 1. October 31, 1928. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=HcpPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ilQDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4264,2108640&dq=miller-huggins&hl=en. Retrieved April 17, 2012. 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Miller Huggins
Sporting positions
Preceded by
Roger Bresnahan 		St. Louis Cardinals manager
1913–1917		 Succeeded by
Jack Hendricks
Preceded by
Bill Donovan 		New York Yankees manager
1918–1929		 Succeeded by
Art Fletcher
Formerly the Baltimore Orioles and the New York Highlanders - Based in The Bronx, New York City, New York
Franchise
Ballparks
Lore
Culture
Rivalries
Monument Park
honorees
Retired numbers
Key personnel
Championships (27)
American League
Pennants (40)
Other titles
Minors
St. Louis Brown Stockings (1882)
St. Louis Browns (1882–1898)
St. Louis Perfectos (1899)
St. Louis Cardinals (1900–present)
Baltimore Orioles (1901–1902)
New York Highlanders (1903–1912)
New York Yankees (1913–present)
Inductees in Yankees cap
Inductees who played
for the Yankees
Yankees' managers
Yankees' executives
Frick Award
BBWAA Vote
Veterans Committee
J. G. Taylor Spink Award