Marginocephalia
| Marginocephalians Temporal range: Late Jurassic–Late Cretaceous, 156–65Ma |
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| Skull of Triceratops horridus | |
Scientific classification  |
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | †Ornithischia |
| Clade: | †Cerapoda |
| Clade: | †Marginocephalia Sereno, 1986 |
Marginocephalia ("fringed heads") is a clade of ornithischian dinosaurs that includes the thick-skulled pachycephalosaurids, and horned ceratopsians. They were all herbivores, walking on two or four legs, and are characterized by a bony ridge or frill at the back of the skull. The clade evolved in the Jurassic period, and became common in the Upper Cretaceous.
Classification
The cladogram below follows a 2009 analysis by Zheng and colleagues.[1]
| Marginocephalia |
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Cladogram after Butler et al., 2011.[2]
| Marginocephalia |
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References
- ^ Zheng, Xiao-Ting; You, Hai-Lu; Xu, Xing; Dong, Zhi-Ming (19 March 2009). "An Early Cretaceous heterodontosaurid dinosaur with filamentous integumentary structures". Nature 458 (7236): 333–336. Bibcode:2009Natur.458..333Z. doi:10.1038/nature07856. PMID 19295609.
- ^ Richard J. Butler, Jin Liyong, Chen Jun, Pascal Godefroit (2011). "The postcranial osteology and phylogenetic position of the small ornithischian dinosaur Changchunsaurus parvus from the Quantou Formation (Cretaceous: Aptian–Cenomanian) of Jilin Province, north-eastern China". Palaeontology 54 (3): 667–683. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01046.x.
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