Mangalyaan
| Operator | ISRO |
|---|---|
| Mission type | orbiter |
| Launch date | November 2013 |
| Launch vehicle | Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle |
| Launch site | Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, India |
| Mission duration | 300 Earth days |
| Satellite of | Mars |
| Homepage | www.issdc.gov.in/mangalyaan.html |
| Mass | 500 kg[1] |
| Power | Solar array |
| Orbital elements | |
| Apoapsis | 80,000 km |
| Periapsis | 580 km[1] |
The Mangalyaan (Devnagari:मंगलयान) (Hindi: Mars-craft) mission is a planned Mars orbiter to be launched in November 2013 by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).[2][3][4] The mission is a "technology demonstrator" project aiming to develop the technologies required for design, planning, management and operations of an interplanetary mission.[5]
The Mangalyaan Mars probe will lift off from ISRO's launch site at Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, using a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rocket;[6] this will be India's first mission to Mars.
Background
The government of India approved the project on 3 August 2012,[7] after the Indian Space Research Organisation completed 
125 crore (US$23 million) of required studies for the Mangalyaan orbiter.[8] The total project cost may be up to 454 crore (US$83 million).[2][9] The space agency is looking at a November 2013 launch when Mars is closest to Earth, which happens every 26 months. In the near future, there are three "windows of opportunity": in late 2013, 2016 and 2018, and Indian scientists are aiming to be ready for the 2013 opportunity.[10] The agency considered using ion-thrusters, liquid engines or nuclear power to propel the bus further towards Mars,[11] and selected a liquid fuel engine.[12] If successful, ISRO would become the fourth space agency to reach Mars, after Roscosmos, NASA, and ESA.[13]
Objectives
The main objective of this first Indian mission to Mars is to develop the technologies required for design, planning, management and operations of an interplanetary mission, comprising the following major tasks:
- Orbit maneuvers to transfer the probe from Earth-centered orbit to heliocentric trajectory and final capture into Martian orbit.
- Development of force models and algorithms for orbit and attitude computations and analyses.
- Navigation in all phases.
- Maintain the probe in all phases of the mission meeting power, communications, thermal and payload operation requirements.
- Incorporate autonomous features to handle contingency situations.
Launch
The space agency would use its Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle rocket.[8] The November 2013 launch will place Mangalyaan into Earth orbit, then six engine firings will raise that orbit to one with an apogee of 215,000 km and a perigee of 600 km. A final firing will send Mangalyaan onto an interplanetary trajectory.[12][14] Mars orbit insertion is planned for September 2014 and would allow the spacecraft to enter a highly elliptical orbit of 500 km x 80,000 km around Mars.
Payload
The 15 kg (33 lb) scientific payload consists of five instruments:[15][16]
- Methane Sensor For Mars (MSM)
- Mars Color Camera (MCC)
- Mars Exospheric Neutral Composition Analyzer (MENCA)
- TIR Spectrometer (TIS)
- Lyman-Alpha Photometer (LAP)
References
- ^ a b India’s Mars mission draws flak despite being indigenous and cost-effective (August 20, 2012)
- ^ a b "India Announces Mars Mission One Week After Curiosity Landing". Web Pro News. August 15, 2012. Retrieved 2012-09-10.
- ^ Staff (August 15, 2012). "Manmohan formally announces India's Mars mission". The Hindu. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
- ^ Bal, Hartosh Singh (August 30, 2012). "BRICS in Space". New York Times. Retrieved August 31, 2012.
- ^ "Mangalyaan - Mission Objectives". Indian Space Science Data Centre. September 2012. Retrieved 2012-09-11.
- ^ Damon Poeter (August 3, 2012). "India Aims for Mars Voyage in 2013". PCMAG.com. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
- ^ "Cabinet clears Mars mission". The Hindu. 4 August 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2012.
- ^ a b India's Mars mission gets Rs.125 crore (19 March 2012)
- ^ "‘We are planning to send our first orbiter to Mars in 2013’". Deccan chronicle. 12 August 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
- ^ "India plans mission to Mars next year". nydailynews.com. August 16, 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
- ^ "ISRO Eyes Mission To Mars As Government Sanctions Funding". The Space News. August 13, 2009.
- ^ a b "India test-fires Mars mission engine". Times of India. 9 October 2012. Retrieved 2012-12-19.
- ^ "India to launch Mars Orbiter Mission: PM". deccanchronicle.com. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
- ^ "Mangalyaan update: Testing of main engine underway". Planetary Society. 9 October 2012. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
- ^ Chellappan, Kumar (11January 2013). "Amangal to budget from Mangalyaan, say experts". Daily Pioneer. Retrieved 2013-01-11.
- ^ "Mars mission gets October, 2013 launch date deadline as India reaches out to the stars". The Indian Express. 4 January 2013. Retrieved 2013-01-05.
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