Lum You (c. 1861 – January 31, 1902)—sometimes spelled Lum Yu—was an immigrant Chinese laborer and convicted murderer in the Pacific Northwest. He is famous for being the only person to have been legally executed in Pacific County, Washington, and for his death row prison break supposedly arranged by the very jailers charged with his captivity.
Lum You | |
|---|---|
![[photograph of Lum You]](/wiki/File:Lum_You_(Morning_Oregonian).png) Lum You | |
| Born | c. 1861[1] |
| Died | January 31, 1902 (aged 40 or 41) South Bend, Washington, U.S. |
| Cause of death | Execution by hanging |
| Resting place | Pacific County, Washington |
| Occupation | Cannery worker |
| Criminal status | Executed |
| Conviction(s) | Assault, murder |
| Criminal penalty | Death by hanging |
Biography edit
Lum You was among the many Chinese laborers who came to Washington near the turn of the century.[2] A proud, sociable dandy, You was well-liked in the White community. He spoke a little English, and acted as an agent between the Chinese workers and their employers.[3]
In 1894 You approached the South Bend police chief, Marion Egbert, complaining that a fellow Chinese resident by the name of Ging had threatened him. Egbert brushed You off and suggested he deal with the situation himself. You took this advice, attacking Ging with an axe. For this act he was convicted of assault; he was fined $500 and was sentenced to a prison term of six months.[1][4]
In the summer of 1901, You was employed as a cannery worker and living in Bay Center. While playing cards on August 6 of that year, he was assaulted, threatened, and robbed by Oscar Bloom, a White man with a reputation as a bully.[1][4] This time You did not approach the police, but instead immediately took matters into his own hands: he went to his room to retrieve his gun, sought out and shot Bloom in the abdomen, and then fled the scene. Bloom survived long enough to swear a deathbed affidavit identifying You as his killer.[1]
Public sympathy for You was high, but White employers of the Chinese workers pressed officials for action to be taken against him. Accordingly, You was arrested on August 7 and in October 1901 was tried and convicted for the murder of Oscar Bloom. Contrary to the jurors' belief that You would receive a light sentence, the judge ordered that You be hanged.[1] The execution was scheduled for January 31, 1902.
Even after his conviction You continued to enjoy public support. Petitions for clemency, one of which was signed by one of the jurors, were sent to the state governor.[1][5] County officials sympathized with You, supposedly leaving his cell door unlocked at night and encouraging him to escape.[1][2] You eventually did escape, early in the morning of January 14: one news report claimed the improvised lock to his cell door had been picked with the aid of a confederate.[6] You hid in the environs of South Bend for several days, during which he was hunted by a squad led by sheriff Thomas A. Roney.[7] On January 15 he was sighted by two men;[7] the following day the county commissioners met and agreed to offer a reward of $200 for You's capture. On January 17 You was finally apprehended by a three-man posse. You offered no resistance, and when asked how he escaped, said only that the door was open and he walked out.[8]
![[a card bearing the text: "M Chris Savis // You are respectfully invited to be present // at the execution of // LUM YOU // Friday, January 31, 1902, at the Pacific County Court // House at 9:00 o'clock a.m. // Present this Card // Not Transferable // Thos. Roney Sheriff"]](/wiki/File:Lum_You_execution_invitation.jpg)
On January 27 governor Henry McBride rejected one of the petitions for clemency on procedural grounds,[5] and on January 30 confirmed by wire that he would not be commuting You's sentence.[9] Anticipation of the execution became so great that Roney was besieged with requests to attend. Roney issued 500 invitation cards, some examples of which survive.[1][2]
You's hanging proceeded as planned inside the courthouse of the county seat, South Bend, on the morning of January 31, 1902. Though it had been expected that he would break down, You ate fairly well that morning and went to the gallows without assistance.[10] He bade his friends goodbye[10] and then uttered his last words, to his executioners: "Kill me good."[1][4] The trap was sprung by means of a rope which, along with three dummy ropes, extended into an adjoining room. Each of the four executioners concealed in that room pulled his rope simultaneously, but only the sheriff knew which was the trigger.[10]
You's was the first and only official execution ever to take place in Pacific County.[1][2][11] A month after his arrest, a new act of the Washington State Legislature took effect which required executions for any future crimes to be carried out at the Washington State Penitentiary in Walla Walla.[1]
Legacy edit
Lum You's trial and execution attracted a great deal of contemporary publicity in Pacific County, and has since passed into the realm of folk legend. His story has been researched and recounted by local historians Ruth Dixon, Willard R. Espy, and Sydney Stevens. Espy, also a nationally renowned poet, memorialized You in a humorous epitaph.[12] You was also the subject of a biographical play performed in the early 1980s,[13] The Hanging of Lum You by the Oysterville-based Shoalwater Storytellers.[1]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Stevens, Sydney (June 7, 2011). "Behind Bars in Old Pacific County, 1902: The Hanging of Lum You". Chinook Observer. Archived from the original on May 3, 2013. Retrieved August 18, 2013.
- ^ a b c d Espy, Willard R. (1976). Oysterville: Roads to Grandpa's Village. University of Washington Press. pp. 142–143. ISBN 0-517-52196-2.
- ^ Dixon, Ruth (1971). "Invitation to a hanging". The Sou'wester. 6 (1). Pacific County Historical Society: 7.
- ^ a b c Satterfield, Archie (2003). Country Roads of Washington. iUniverse. pp. 146–147.
- ^ a b "100 women plead for Lum's life". The Seattle Star. January 27, 1902. p. 3. Retrieved November 26, 2014.
- ^ "Lum You gone!". The Seattle Star. January 14, 1902. p. 3. Retrieved November 26, 2014.
- ^ a b "Lum You at large". The Seattle Star. January 16, 1902. p. 3. Retrieved November 26, 2014.
- ^ "Lum You captured". The Seattle Star. January 17, 1902. p. 1. Retrieved November 26, 2014.
- ^ "Will Be Hanged Today". Morning Oregonian. January 31, 1902. p. 5. Retrieved November 24, 2014.
- ^ a b c "Lum You Hanged". Morning Oregonian. February 1, 1902. p. 4. Retrieved November 26, 2014.
- ^ Barrows, Will (January 31, 1902). "First legal execution in Pacific County". Chinook Observer.
- ^ Espy, Willard R. (1975). An Almanac of Words at Play. Clarkson Potter. p. 28. ISBN 0-517-52463-5.
- ^ Stevens, Sydney. "Meeting Myself Coming and Going". Sydney of Oysterville. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
