Major League Baseball (MLB) is the highest level of play in North American professional baseball, and is the organization that operates the National League and the American League. In 2000, the two leagues were officially disbanded as separate legal entities, and all of their rights and functions were consolidated in the commissioner's office.[1] Since that time, MLB has operated as a single league, and constitutes one of the major professional sports leagues of the United States. It is composed of 30 teams.[2]
The First-Year Player Draft, also known as the Rule 4 Draft, is MLB primary mechanism for assigning amateur baseball players from high schools, colleges, and other amateur baseball clubs to its teams. The first draft took place in 1965; it was introduced to prevent richer teams from negotiating wealthier contracts with top-level prospects and therefore, monopolizing the player market.[3] Originally, three drafts were held each year. The first draft took place in June and involved high-school graduates and college seniors who had just finished their seasons. The second draft took place in January for high school and college players who had graduated in December. The third draft took place in August and was for players who participated in American amateur summer leagues.[4] The August draft was eliminated after two years, and the January draft lasted until 1986.[5]
The draft order is determined based on the previous season's standings, with the team possessing the worst record receiving the first pick.[6] In addition, teams that lost free agents in the previous off-season may be awarded "compensatory" picks.[7]
National League edit
Eastern Division edit
Atlanta Braves edit
The Atlanta Braves National League franchise originated in Boston, Massachusetts in 1871. The team has played in three different cities: Boston (1871–1952), Milwaukee, Wisconsin (1953–1965), and Atlanta, Georgia (1966–present).[8] Since the establishment of the draft in 1965, the Braves have selected 55 players in the first round. Of those 55 players, the Braves have selected 26 pitchers, eight outfielders, seven shortstops, five catchers, four third basemen, three first basemen, and two second basemen.[9] Four of these players, Kent Mercker, Steve Avery, Chipper Jones, and Mike Kelly, were part of the 1995 World Series championship team. The team's 1974 selection, Dale Murphy, won consecutive National League Most Valuable Player Awards (NL MVP) in 1982 and 1983,[10] the Lou Gehrig Memorial Award in 1985, and the Roberto Clemente Award in 1988.[11] Bob Horner, the Braves' 1978 selection, won the National League Rookie of the Year Award in the same year.[12] Chipper Jones, drafted by the Braves in 1990, won the NL MVP Award in 1999.[13] The Braves have held the first overall pick twice; in 1978 they used it to select Horner, and in 1990 they chose Chipper Jones.
Miami Marlins edit
The Marlins franchise entered the National League in 1993 as an expansion team, and was known as the Florida Marlins until 2011. Of the 24 players picked by the Marlins in the first round, 13 have been pitchers. Four outfielders were selected and two players each were taken at first base, third base, and catcher. The Marlins have also drafted one shortstop in the first round, though they have never taken a second baseman.[14] Two of the Marlins' first-round picks have won championships with the franchise. Charles Johnson (1992) won a World Series title on the 1997 championship team and Josh Beckett (1999) won with the 2003 team.[15][16]
New York Mets edit
The successor to two previous National League franchises in New York City (the Giants and the Dodgers), the New York Mets have played in Queens since 1964, when they vacated the Polo Grounds in Manhattan and moved to Shea Stadium.[17]
Philadelphia Phillies edit
The National League franchise in Philadelphia was established in 1883 following the dissolution of the Worcester Worcesters. The team adopted the Philadelphia Phillies name in 1884 and has used the moniker, and been located in the city, since that time.[18]
Washington Nationals edit
The Washington Nationals franchise was established in Montreal, Quebec in 1969 as an expansion team, originally known as the Montreal Expos.[20] Since the institution of MLB's Rule 4 Draft, the Expos/Nationals have selected 66 players in the first round. Thirty-two have been pitchers, the most of any position; 22 of them were right-handed, while 10 were left-handed. Thirteen outfielders, nine shortstops, five third basemen, four catchers, and three first basemen were also taken.[21]
Central Division edit
Chicago Cubs edit
The Chicago Cubs franchise began as the Chicago White Stockings in 1876, with Albert Spalding as the franchise's inaugural manager.
Cincinnati Reds edit
Similar to their division counterparts, the Cincinnati Reds were established as the Cincinnati Red Stockings in 1882.
Milwaukee Brewers edit
Established in 1969 as the Pilots in Seattle, Washington, the team moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin the following season,[22] which brought top-flight baseball back to Wisconsin for the first time since the Braves departed after the 1965 season.[23] The Brewers have been members of the National League since 1998; prior to that, the team played as a member of the American League Central Division.[24]
Pittsburgh Pirates edit
The Pittsburgh Pirates joined the National League in 1887 after five seasons as members of the American Association.[25]
St. Louis Cardinals edit
The St. Louis Cardinals were originally established in 1882 as the St. Louis Browns.[26]
Western Division edit
Arizona Diamondbacks edit
The Arizona Diamondbacks entered the National League as an expansion team in 1998.[27]
Colorado Rockies edit
The Colorado Rockies entered the National League as an expansion team in 1993.
Los Angeles Dodgers edit
The Los Angeles Dodgers began play in 1884 as the Brooklyn Atlantics and were known by several nicknames before adopting the Dodgers name in 1932.[28]
San Diego Padres edit
The San Diego Padres joined Major League Baseball as an expansion team in 1969.[29]
San Francisco Giants edit
The San Francisco Giants were originally established as the New York Gothams in 1883.[30]
American League edit
Eastern Division edit
Baltimore Orioles edit
The Baltimore Orioles franchise was established in 1901 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin as the "Milwaukee Brewers".[31]
Boston Red Sox edit
The Boston Red Sox of Boston, Massachusetts, began in 1901 as the Americans and adopted the Red Sox name in 1908.[32]
New York Yankees edit
The franchise currently known as the New York Yankees was originally established in 1901 as the Baltimore Orioles (unrelated to their current divisional rivals). After moving to New York City in 1903 and adopting the name New York Highlanders, the team was renamed the Yankees in 1913.[33]
Tampa Bay Rays edit
The Tampa Bay Rays, originally named the Devil Rays, joined Major League Baseball at its last expansion in 1998.[34]
Toronto Blue Jays edit
Since 2005, the Toronto Blue Jays, established in 1977, are the only team in Major League Baseball based outside of the United States.[35]
Central Division edit
Chicago White Sox edit
The Chicago White Sox were established in 1901.[36]
Cleveland Indians edit
The team now known as the Cleveland Indians has played under several monikers since its inception in 1901, including the Cleveland Blues or Bluebirds, the Cleveland Bronchos, and the Cleveland Naps[37]
Detroit Tigers edit
The Detroit Tigers were founded as members of the Western League in 1894].[38]
Kansas City Royals edit
The Kansas City Royals were added to the American League in a 1969 expansion after the city's first Major League Baseball franchise departed for Oakland, California.[39]
Minnesota Twins edit
The Minnesota franchise began its life as the Washington Senators in Washington, D. C., where they played from their inception in 1901 to 1960.[40]
Western Division edit
Houston Astros edit
The city of Houston, Texas was awarded an expansion franchise in the National League in 1962 after the dissolution of the Continental League.[41] The team, which began play as the Colt .45s, changed its name to the Houston Astros in 1965.[42]
Los Angeles Angels edit
Playing under various names such as the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, California Angels, and Anaheim Angels, the Los Angeles Angels have been members of the American League since 1961.[43]
Oakland Athletics edit
While the Oakland Athletics have played under the same name since their establishment in 1901, the team has played in three different locations under that moniker. The franchise was initially based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[44]
Seattle Mariners edit
The Seattle Mariners franchise was established in 1977, the successor to the earlier Pilots team that moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin.[45]
Texas Rangers edit
When the Minnesota Twins moved to Minneapolis for the 1961 season, a new Washington Senators team was established in the United States capital as an expansion franchise.[46]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "A.L. President Budig To Be Selig's Adviser". New York Times. January 7, 2000. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
- ^ "Complete Baseball Team and Baseball Team Encyclopedias". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
- ^ Simpson, Allan (June 4, 2005). "Bonus Concerns Created Draft; Yet Still Exist". Baseball America. Retrieved 16 February 2007.
- ^ Koppett, Leonard (February 28, 1965). "Baseball's New Draft". New York Times. pp. S2.
- ^ "Year Draft Results: Supplemental Phase". The Baseball Cube. Retrieved 18 February 2007.
- ^ "First-Year Player Draft Rules". MLB.com. Major League Baseball. Retrieved June 1, 2010.
- ^ "First Year Player Draft FAQ". MLB Advanced Media. Retrieved 29 November 2008.
- ^ "Atlanta Braves Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
- ^ "Atlanta Braves 1st Round Picks in the MLB June Amateur Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference, LLC. Retrieved February 27, 2011.
- ^ "Atlanta's Murphy Repeats as National League MVP". The Boston Globe. The New York Times Company. United Press International. November 9, 1983. p. Sports 1.
- ^ "Dale Murphy Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference, LLC. Retrieved March 4, 2010.
- ^ "Horner NL Rookie Of Year". Spartanburg Herald. Spartanburg, South Carolina. November 21, 1978. Retrieved March 4, 2011.
- ^ Battista, Judy (November 18, 1999). "45 Homers, .319, 110 R.B.I. Add Up to M.V.P. for Jones". The New York Times. Retrieved March 4, 2011.
- ^ "Amateur Draft: Florida Marlins 1st Round Picks in the MLB June Amateur Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved July 24, 2010.
- ^ "Charles Johnson Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved July 24, 2010.
- ^ "Josh Beckett Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved July 24, 2010.
- ^ "When Will Mets Move?". Daytona Beach Morning Journal. Associated Press. April 3, 1963. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
- ^ Purdy, Dennis (2006). The Team-by-Team Encyclopedia of Major League Baseball. New York City: Workman. ISBN 0-7611-3943-5.
- ^ Mayo, Jonathan (June 9, 2009). "The one? All eyes on Strasburg". MLB.com. Retrieved August 17, 2010.
- ^ "Washington Nationals Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
- ^ "Washington Nationals 1st Round Picks in the MLB June Amateur Draft". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference, LLC. Retrieved August 10, 2010.
- ^ "Milwaukee Brewers Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
- ^ Stanton, Tom (2005). Hank Aaron and the Home Run That Changed America. Harper Collins. pp. 47–48. ISBN 0-06-072290-8.
- ^ "Brewers switch leagues, join Reds in NL Central". The Kentucky Post. E. W. Scripps Company. Associated Press. November 6, 1997. Archived from the original on May 5, 2005.
- ^ "Pittsburgh Pirates Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
- ^ "St. Louis Cardinals Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
- ^ "'98 Baseball Preview: NL West". Eugene Register–Guard. 3B. March 30, 1998. Retrieved January 15, 2010.
- ^ "Los Angeles Dodgers Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 1, 2010.
- ^ Goodman, Michael E. (2002). The History of the San Diego Padres. The Creative Company. p. 1966. ISBN 1-58341-222-0.
- ^ "San Francisco Giants Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 17, 2010.
- ^ "Baltimore Orioles Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 17, 2010.
- ^ "Boston Red Sox Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 17, 2010.
- ^ "New York Yankees Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
- ^ Eitzen, D. Stanley (1999). Fair and foul: beyond the myths and paradoxes of sport. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 146. ISBN 0-8476-9171-3.
- ^ "Team-by-Team Information". Major League Baseball. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
- ^ "Chicago White Sox Managers". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
- ^ "Cleveland Indians Managers". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
- ^ "Detroit Tigers Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
- ^ Stewart, Wayne (2002). The History of the Kansas City Royals. The Creative Company. p. 5. ISBN 1-58341-211-5.
- ^ "Twins playoff history". USA Today. Retrieved August 19, 2008.
- ^ Bell, Christopher (2002). Scapegoats: baseballers whose careers are marked by one fateful play. McFarland. p. 131. ISBN 0-7864-1381-6.
- ^ "Houston Astros Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 14, 2010.
- ^ "Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim Team History & Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
- ^ Gillette, Gary; Gammons, Peter (2007). The ESPN Baseball Encyclopedia. Palmer, Pete. Sterling Publishing Company. p. 1667. ISBN 978-1-4027-4771-7.
- ^ Goodman, Michael E. (2002). The History of the Seattle Mariners. The Creative Company. p. 6. ISBN 1-58341-224-7.
- ^ Frisch, Aaron (2002). The History of the Texas Rangers. The Creative Company. pp. 6. ISBN 1-58341-226-3.