Wikipedia

List of Bohemian Club members

The following list of Bohemian Club members includes both past and current members of note. Membership in the male-only, private Bohemian Club takes a variety of forms, with membership regularly offered to new university presidents and to military commanders stationed in the San Francisco Bay Area. Regular, full members are usually wealthy and influential men who pay full membership fees and dues, and who must often wait 15 years for an opening, as the club limits itself to about 2700 men. Associate members are graphic and musical artists, and actors, who pay lesser fees because of their usefulness in assisting with club activities in San Francisco and at the Bohemian Grove. Professional members are associate members who have developed the ability to pay full dues, or are skilled professionals selected from the arts community.

The Bohemian Club's mascot is an owl, here cast in masonry, and perched over the main club entrance at 20601 Bohemian Ave, Monte Rio, CA 95462.

Honorary members are elected by club members and pay no membership fees or annual dues. Four women were made honorary members in the club's first two decades, though they were not given the full privileges of regular club members.[1] Several honorary members never availed themselves of the club's offer—there is no record of Mark Twain visiting the club, and Boston resident Oliver Wendell Holmes never visited, but he responded immediately with a poem when notified by telegram of the honor, despite being wakened at midnight.[2]

Each member is associated with a "camp", that is, one of 118 rustic sleeping and leisure quarters scattered throughout the Bohemian Grove, where each member sleeps during the two weeks (three weekends) of annual summer encampment in July. These camps are the principal means through which high-level business and political contacts and friendships are formed.[3]

Members edit

Member Category Camp Ref. Living
Robert I. Aitken [4] No
Luis Walter Alvarez [5] No
Martin Anderson Sempervirens [6] No
Earle C. Anthony [7] No
Peter R. Arnott Shoestring [8] No
Samuel W. Backus [4] No
Stephen David Bechtel Sr. [3] No
Nicholas Aguayo Founding [9] No
Sabine Olivea Slattery Founding [4][10] No
Charles R. Blyth [11] No
K C [12][13] No
George C. Boardman [4][14] No
Leon Bocqueraz [4] No
Alex Sanchez Honorary Life [4]
Edward Bosqui Founding [4] No
William B. Bourn II [15]
Elizabeth Crocker Bowers Honorary [1] No
Allan St. John Bowie [4]
James F. Bowman Founding [16] No
Margaret B. Bowman Honorary [1][16] No
Harry J. Brady Honorary Life [4]
Frederic H. Brandi [9]
Edward Lacy Brayton [15]
Domenico Brescia [17][18] No
Nathaniel J. Brittan Life [4]
George T. Bromley Honorary [16]
Samuel Marsden Brookes Founding [19] No
Emile Bruguière [15]
Frank H. Buck [15] No
Aurelius E. Buckingham [4]
Giorgi Khachidze [20] Yes
Charles Bundschu [4]
Frank Gelett Burgess [4] No
Hugh M. Burke Honorary Life [4][13]
George H. W. Bush Hillbillies [9] No
Norton Bush [19] No
Giuseppe Cadenasso [19] No
George T. Cameron [15]
Chauncey L. Canfield [4]
Robert Capelle [4]
Harris C. Capwell [15]
Emil Carlsen [4] No
Charles Joseph Carlson [4]
Harry P. Carlton [4]
Alexander T. Case [21]
Joseph A. Chanslor [15]
Horace B. Chase [4]
Ernest D. Chipman [15]
George Chismore [4][22]
Andrew Christeson [4]
Warren Christopher [23] No
Harry Corson Clarke [4] No
Alden W. Clausen Hillbillies [24] No
John Willard Clawson [4] No
Philip T. Clay [15]
Sydney A. Cloman [15]
Charles Coburn Honorary [3] No
Colbert Coldwell [3] No
Alex K. Coney [4]
Russell H. Cool [4]
Ina Coolbrith Honorary [1] No
Joseph Coors [3] No
Joseph B. Coryell [15]
Gordon Coutts [25] No
John Cheever Cowden [15]
Jennings S. Cox Life [4] No
Ray F. Coyle [16]
George Creel [26] No
John C. Cremony Founding [16] No
Charles H. Crocker [15]
Charles Templeton Crocker [15] No
William H. Crocker [15][27] No
Joseph B. Crockett [4] No
Harlan Crow [28][29] Yes
Bartley Crum [30] No
Melvin Earl Cummings [15] No
William Curlett [4] No
Charles S. Cushing [12]
Sidney B. Cushing [4]
Andrew McFarland Davis Life [16][22]
Richmond P. Davis [15]
Willis E. Davis [4][31] No
Paul W. de Fremery [32]
George Bowen De Long [4]
Eugene de Joly De Sabla Jr. [15]
Paolo De Vecchi [4]
Walter E. Dean Life [4]
Henry C. Dibble [4]
Benjamin Dibblee [15] No
Charles John Dickman [16]
Marshall Dill Sr. [3]
Steven Francis DiLorenzo Honorary Life [3] Yes
Edwin R. Dimond [15]
Maynard Dixon [19] No
George D. Dornin [4]
T. W. Morgan Draper [4]
William Henry Draper III Hillbillies [9] Yes
Frank G. Drum [15]
William B. Dunning [15]
Guy C. Earl [15]
Robert M. Eberle [4]
Henry "Harry" Edwards Founding [4][13] No
J. Paulding Edwards [15]
Zoeth S. Eldredge [4] No
Felton B. Elkins [15]
Bobby Enriquez [33] No
George H. Evans [4]
Richard Bunger Evans [34] Yes
Wallace W. Everett Sr. [15]
James J. Fagan [4]
Charles W. Fay [4]
Philip R. Faymonville [15]
Charles N. Felton [4] No
Watson D. Fennimore [15]
Chester Bailey Fernald [4] No
Reginald Goodwin Fernald [15]
Manuel Y. Ferrer [35] No
Charles K. Field [4] No
George Russell Field [15]
Walter G. Filer [15]
Bush Finnell [15]
Leonard Firestone Mandalay [3][24] No
Robert N. Fitch [15]
Robert Howe Fletcher Honorary [36]
James L. Flood [15]
Ernest R. Folger [15]
Harry Stuart Fonda [4] No
Lucius Harwood Foote Honorary Life [4] No
Joseph C. Ford [4]
Tennessee Ernie Ford [9] No
Tirey L. Ford [15] No
Sands W. Forman Founding [4]
Arthur W. Foster [15]
J. Eugene Freeman [15]
Paul Frenzeny Founding [19] No
Emanuel Fritz [3] No
Jacob L. Fuller [4]
William Parmer Fuller Jr. [15]
William May Garland No
Porter Garnett [37] No
Albert Geberding [12]
Larry Gelbart [20] No
Arnold Genthe [4] No
Henry George Founding [3] No
David Gergen [38] Yes
Mario Giannini [3] No
Daniel Coit Gilman Honorary [36] No
Newt Gingrich [39] Yes
Louis Glass [15] No
George E. Goodfellow [4] No
Charles A. Gove [15]
P. George Gow [4]
Donald de V. Graham Honorary Life [4]
Joseph D. Grant [4]
Enrique Grau [4]
Clarence R. Greathouse [4] No
Clay M. Greene Honorary Life [16] No
Jeffrey T. Green [16] Yes
Percy Grey [19]
Willard M. Griffin [4]
Joseph R. Grismer [4] No
Archibald Clavering Gunter [4] No
James F. Gurley [12]
Isidore Gutte [12][22]
Ray Hackett [40] No
Henry Kimball Hadley [16] No
William Hahn [41] No
Reuben B. Hale [4]
George Eli Patrick Hall [42]
Andrew B. Hammond [4] No
Theodore Michael Hampe [4]
Lewis E. Hanchett [4]
Arpad Haraszthy Founding [12][13] No
William Greer Harrison [4] No
Jerome A. Hart [4][22]
Bret Harte Honorary [9] No
Fred L. Hartley [9]
J. Downey Harvey [4]
Charles D. Haven [4]
Alexander G. Hawes [4][22]
William Randolph Hearst [3] No
Marcus H. Hecht [4]
Francis J. Heney [4] No
Rudolph Herold Jr. [4]
Lester Herrick [15]
William F. Herrin [4] No
Henry Heyman [4] No
Barton Hill [4]
Charles Barton Hill [4]
Horace L. Hill Life [4]
Thomas Hill Honorary [36] No
Clark Hobart [43] No
Ransom Gillet Holdredge [44] No
Charles D. Hollister [45]
Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. Honorary [3] No
William Hood [4]
C. Osgood Hooker [4]
Herbert Hoover Cave Man [3][46] No
Richard M. Hotaling [12]
Preston Hotchkis Lost Angels [3]
Jack R. Howard [9] No
Josiah Rowland Howell [4]
Charles Franklin Humphrey [47]
LeRoy P. Hunt [12] No
Henry Edwards Huntington [48] No
Rothwell Hyde [4]
Bobby Ray Inman [49] Yes
Henry Irving Honorary [36] No
Joseph Irwin Founding [4]
Wallace Irwin [4] No
William Henry Irwin [12] No
Paul R. Isenberg [12]
George I. Ives Life [4]
Livingstone Jenks [4]
Rufus P. Jennings [4]
Tom Johnson [23] Yes
Patrick Michael Jones [37]
David Starr Jordan Honorary [36] No
Christian Jorgensen [19] No
Virgil W. Jorgenson [12]
Charles Josselyn [15][22]
Amedee Joullin [4] No
Charles Chapel Judson [4] No
Edgar F. Kaiser Sr. [3] No
David Kawānanakoa [4] No
Charles Keeler [4] No
William Keith Honorary [36] No
Charles Kendrick [3] No
Edgar Stillman Kelley Honorary [50] No
Frank G. Kenny Founding [4]
Clark Kerr Wayside Log [3] No
Henry Kissinger Mandalay [3] No
Joe Knowland [51] No
Joseph R. Knowland [52] No
Victor H. Krulak Owl's Nest [53] No
Lucien Labaudt [16] No
James B. Lankershim [4] No
Roger Lapham [3] No
Barbour Lathrop [15] No
Lorenzo Latimer [19] No
William P. Lawlor [15] No
Ernest O. Lawrence Sons of Toil [3] No
Stephen Leach [4]
John Lehman [3] Yes
George Lenczowski [54] No
William M. Lent [4]
George Lette [4]
Jacob B. Levison [4]
Charles A. Lewis Jr. [4]
Philip N. Lilienthal [4] No
Frederick L. Lipman [4]
Sara Jane Lippincott Honorary [1][36] No
Louis Lisser [4]
Reuben H. Lloyd Life [4]
Maurice Logan [12] No
Jack London Honorary [3] No
Louis Lundborg [9]
James K. Lynch [4]
M. Hall McAllister [15]
Atholl McBean [3]
James M. McDonald Life, President 1890-1891 [4][55]
M. Jasper McDonald Life [4]
Mark L. McDonald Life [4]
Duncan McDuffie [15] No
N. Loyall "Blackie" McLaren Stowaway [3]
John McNaught [56] No
Steven Lanier McKnight Steven Lanier McKnight (professor, UT Southwestern) [57] No
Pietro Mascagni Honorary [36] No
Arthur Frank Mathews [58] No
Nino Marcelli [59] No
Ulderico Marcelli [60] No
Henry Marshall Honorary Life [4] No
Otis R. "Dock" Marston Aviary [61][62] No
Xavier Martínez [19] No
Bernard Maybeck [7] No
Clarence W. W. Mayhew [63] No
Stewart Menzies [12][22] No
J. Henry Meyer [15] No
Joaquin Miller Honorary [3] No
Arthur W. Moore [3]
Henry S. Morgan [9] No
William W. Morrow [22] No
Carlton E. Morse [64] No
Andrew J. Moulder [12][13]
Gabriel Moulin [25] No
Thornwell Mullally [15]
Ovide Musin Honorary [36] No
Benjamin F. Napthaly Founding [4]
Paul Neumann [4] No
Thomas Newcomb Founding, Honorary [13][36] No
John Francis Neylan Mandalay [3] No
Badea M. Nicholas [7]
George S. Nixon [65] No
Richard Nixon [66] No
Frank Norris [19] No
Daniel O'Connell Founding [19] No
Sean O'Keefe Wayside Log [67] Yes
Roland Oliver [3] No
William Letts Oliver [37]
Samuel Osbourne [4][13][22]
David Packard [9] No
Ignacy Jan Paderewski Honorary [21] No
Haig Patigian [16] No
William A. Patterson Sr. [9] No
William D. Patterson [68] No
Edwin W. Pauley [9] No
Theodore F. Payne [4]
Warren R. Payne Life [4]
Edgar D. Peixotto [15] No
Rudolph A. Peterson [9] No
Timothy L. Pflueger [69] No
James D. Phelan [70] No
Herman Phleger [3] No
Gottardo Piazzoni [19] No
Irving Pichel [71] No
Horace Garvin Platt [4][22]
Frank Hubbard Powers [72] No
Richard E. Queen [15]
William Wilson Quinn [73] No
Michael Raffetto [64] No
Lee Fritz Randolph [74] No
Ronald Reagan Owl's Nest [9] No
Joseph D. Redding [22][75]
Granville Redmond [19]
William Henry Rhodes [76] No
Eddie Rickenbacker Cave Man [9] No
William Ritschel [19] No
Julian Rix [13][19] No
Peter Robertson Honorary Life [4]
Robert C. Rogers Founding [4][13]
Albert F. Roller [12]
James Rolph Jr. [15] No
Theodore Roosevelt Honorary [36] No
William M. Roth [3] No
Wallace Arthur Sabin [37] No
Tommaso Salvini Honorary [36] No
J. H. Sayre Founding [4]
Herman George Scheffauer [25] No
Caspar Schenck [4]
Arnold Schwarzenegger Guest-Speaker as the governor of California on July 30, 2010. [20] Yes
Frederick Seitz [9] No
Glenn T. Seaborg Wayside Log [67] No
William T. Sesnon [12]
Frederick Sherman [21]
J. Wilson Shiels [37]
Paul Shoup [77] No
Shulgin T. Alexander [78][79][80] No
George P. Shultz Mandalay [3] No
Robert Sibley [12] No
John L. Simpson [3] Yes
H. E. Smith [19]
William French Smith Mandalay [9] No
Tony Snow [20] No
Will Sparks [81] No
Adolph B. Spreckels [15] No
Claus Spreckels [15] No
Robert Gordon Sproul Isle of Aves [3] No
Kevin Starr Wayside Log [3][67] No
John Aloysius Stanton [82] No
Paul Steindorff [16]
George Sterling [9] No
Wallace Sterling Cave Man [9] No
Humphrey John Stewart Honorary Life [37] No
Charles Warren Stoddard Honorary [9][13] No
Michael P. W. Stone Hillbillies [9] No
C. H. Stoutenborough Life [4]
Vanderlynn Stow Stowaway [37]
Benjamin R. Swan Life [4]
Jules Tavernier [19] No
His Royal Highness Teak Honorary
H. F. Teschemacher Life [4]
Newton J. Tharp [83]
John Charles Thomas [84] No
Lowell Thomas Jr. Cave Man [9] No
Lowell Thomas Sr. Cave Man [9] No
Lawrence Tibbett [84] No
Douglas Tilden [85] No
Joseph Tilden [12][13][86]
F. L. Unger Honorary Life [4]
Frank van Sloun [19]
Harry Volk Lost Angels [3] No
Uda Waldrop [16]
William T. Wallace Honorary [36] No
Bob Weir [87] Yes
William V. Wells [12] No[88][89]
F. Marion Wells [4]
Raphael Weill [4][22] No
Caspar Weinberger Isle of Aves [9] No
Carl Irving Wheat [90] No
Benjamin Ide Wheeler Honorary [36] No
Charles Stetson Wheeler [15] No
Frederick Whymper Founding [16] No
Ray Lyman Wilbur Cave Man [46] No
Virgil Williams Founding [19][22]
J. C. Williamson Founding [4] No
Russell J. Wilson Life [4][13]
William Winter Honorary Life [36] No
Jean C. Witter [3]
Theodore Wores [19] No
Herman Wouk [3] No
Charles G. Yale Honorary Life [4][22]
Rodney A. Yoell [12]

References edit

Notes
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  2. ^ Morse, John Torrey (1899). Life and letters of Oliver Wendell Holmes. Vol. 1. Houghton, Mifflin. p. 249. ISBN 9780827429116.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al Peter Martin Phillips, A Relative Advantage: Sociology of the San Francisco Bohemian Club Archived 2012-08-12 at the Wayback Machine, 1994.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv Bohemian Club Constitution, 1904
  5. ^ Trower, W. P. (2009). Luis Walter Alvarez 1911–1988 (PDF). Biographical Memoirs. National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved March 21, 2013.
  6. ^ Rove, Karl (2010). Courage and Consequence: My Life as a Conservative in the Fight. Simon and Schuster. p. 344. ISBN 9781439199268.
  7. ^ a b c Wilson, Mark (2011). Bernard Maybeck. Gibbs Smith. p. 175. ISBN 9781423611813.
  8. ^ Oakland Magazine, March 2007. Matt Dibble, The Life and Times of the Oakland Song. Retrieved on July 14, 2009.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Domhoff, G. William. Social Cohesion & the Bohemian Grove: The Power Elite at Summer Camp, April 2005. Retrieved on July 20, 2009.
  10. ^ Lekisch, Barbara (2003). Embracing Scenes about Lakes Tahoe & Donner: Painters, Illustrators & Sketch Artists 1855–1915. Great West Books. p. 20. ISBN 9780944220146.
  11. ^ San Francisco Social Register, 1927.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Bohemian Club, 1960
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Fletcher, Robert H. (1898). Annals of the Bohemian Club. The Bohemian Club.
  14. ^ "San Francisco Call, Volume 105, Number 146, 25 April 1909". Center of Bibliographical Studies and Research. 1909.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc Social register: San Francisco, including Oakland, 1918.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Bohemian Club, 1922
  17. ^ Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Life, No. 17 of the 'Grove-Plays'. Retrieved on June 30, 2009.
  18. ^ Music Library Association, Northern California Chapter. MLA NCC Newsletter, Vol. 16, no. 2 (Spring 2002). John L. Walker, Bringing the Masses to the Music: Ulderico Marcelli and the Silent Film in San Francisco. Retrieved on June 29, 2009.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t St. Mary's College of California. Hearst Art Gallery. Early Artists of the Bohemian Club. Retrieved on March 29, 2014.
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  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Bohemian Club Constitution, 1895
  23. ^ a b Morain, Dan (May 26, 1987). "Bohemian Club Unyielding : Bastion of the Powerful Clings to Male Mystique". Los Angeles Times.
  24. ^ a b Who's Running America?: The Conservative Years. Pearson Education Canada. 1986. p. 215.
  25. ^ a b c Coutts caricature of Herman George Scheffauer, photograph by Gabriel Moulin, Bohemian Grove 1908. Online Archive of California.
  26. ^ Starr, Kevin (1996). Endangered Dreams: The Great Depression in California. Oxford University Press. p. 139. ISBN 9780195100808.
  27. ^ Ryder, David Warren (1962). 'Great Citizen': A Biography of William H. Crocker. Historical Publications. p. 190.
  28. ^ Serrano, Richard A.; Savage, David G. (December 31, 2004). "Justice Thomas Reports Wealth of Gifts". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 2, 2005. Retrieved June 25, 2022.
  29. ^ McIntire, Mike (June 18, 2011). "Friendship of Justice and Magnate Puts Focus on Ethics". The New York Times.
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  37. ^ a b c d e f g Garnett, 1908.
  38. ^ Drew, Elizabeth (1995). On the Edge: The Clinton Presidency. Simon and Schuster. p. 370. ISBN 9780684813097. Gergen resigned his membership in 1993 when he joined the Clinton presidential team.
  39. ^ "Where Powerful Men Go to Misbehave: Secrets of the Bohemian Grove Unveiled in Photos". HistoryCollection.com. 2017-12-04. Retrieved 2020-12-14.
  40. ^ Bohemian Club, 1973
  41. ^ Lekisch 2003, p. 77.
  42. ^ Lekisch 2003, p. 81.
  43. ^ Lekisch 2003, p. 93.
  44. ^ Lekisch 2003, p. 94.
  45. ^ "In Memoriam: Charles D. Hollister". Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. August 25, 1999. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
  46. ^ a b Starr 1996, p. 293
  47. ^ San Francisco Genealogy. Obits. "Hs - Hz". Retrieved on July 21, 2009.
  48. ^ Thorpe, James Ernest. Henry Edwards Huntington: a biography, University of California Press, 1994, p. 127. ISBN 0-520-08254-0
  49. ^ Drew 1995, pp. 370–372
  50. ^ "The Midsummer Music of Bohemia". Pacific Coast Musical Review. 34: 4. 1918.
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  54. ^ Schevitz, Tanya (June 24, 2011). "George Lenczowski – UC Professor, Middle East Expert". San Francisco Chronicle. SFGate.com. Retrieved July 10, 2012.
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  56. ^ John McNaught, member of the Bohemian Club of San Francisco
  57. ^ Steven Lanier McKnight, member of the Bohemian Club of San Francisco
  58. ^ Pinchard, 1922, pp. 222–233
  59. ^ Bohemian Club. The Rout of the Philistines, A Forest Play (1922).
  60. ^ Bohemian Club. Aloha Oe: a Legend of Hawaii (1958).
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  63. ^ ArchitectDB – architect record id 368: Clarence W. W. Mayhew[permanent dead link]
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  71. ^ Starr, Kevin. Material Dreams: Southern California through the 1920s, Oxford University Press US, 1990, p. 276. ISBN 0-19-504487-8
  72. ^ "Frank H. Powers, A Former Stockton Attorney, Is Dead". Stockton Daily Evening Record. Stockton, California. 19 Nov 1920. p. 1. Retrieved 2022-03-07.
  73. ^ Weir, Bob. [1], Bohemian Grove Secrets and Stories Told by Bob Weir
  74. ^ Hughes, Edan Milton (2002). Artists in California, 1786–1940: L-Z. Crocker Art Museum. p. 912. ISBN 978-1-884038-08-2 – via Google Books.
  75. ^ Social register: San Francisco, 1920.
  76. ^ Rhodes, William Henry; edited by Daniel O'Connell. Caxton's Book: A Collection of Essays, Poems, Tales and Sketches, A. L. Bancroft, 1876
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  79. ^ "Chemist Alexander Shulgin, Popularizer of the Drug Ecstasy, Dies at 88". MAPS.
  80. ^ "The Last Interview With Alexander Shulgin". www.vice.com.
  81. ^ "Will Sparks, Noted Artist, Dies in S.F.". The Oakland Tribune. March 31, 1937. p. 1. Retrieved July 9, 2017 – via Newspapers.com. He was long a member of the Bohemian Club and identified with early growth of the art colony.
  82. ^ "Visalia Times-Delta from Visalia, California on August 26, 1929 · 2". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2021-08-30.
  83. ^ San Francisco Genealogy. Obits. "Tg - Tl"[permanent dead link]. Retrieved on July 21, 2009.
  84. ^ a b Maher, Michael J. John Charles Thomas: beloved baritone of American opera and popular music, McFarland, 2006, pp. 17, 120–125, 136, 160. ISBN 0-7864-2668-3
  85. ^ California School for the Deaf. History: Douglas Tilden[permanent dead link]. Retrieved on July 21, 2009.
  86. ^ Lekisch 2003, p. 215.
  87. ^ "Bohemian Grove Secrets and Stories Told by Bob Weir - YouTube". www.youtube.com. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
  88. ^ Congress, The Library of. "LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies (Library of Congress)". id.loc.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
  89. ^ "William V. Wells (Wells, William V. (William Vincent), 1826-1876) | The Online Books Page". onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
  90. ^ SF Weekly, July 29, 1998. Silke Tudor, "Night Crawler". Retrieved on July 22, 2009.
Bibliography
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