July 17
July 17 is the 198th day of the year (199th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 167 days remaining until the end of the year.
Events
- 180 – Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world.
- 1203 – The Fourth Crusade captures Constantinople by assault. The Byzantine emperor Alexios III Angelos flees from his capital into exile.
- 1402 – Zhu Di, better known by his era name as the Yongle Emperor, assumes the throne over the Ming Dynasty of China.
- 1429– Hundred Years' war- Charles VII of France is crowned the King of France in the Reims Cathedral after a successful campaign by Joan of Arc
- 1453 – Battle of Castillon: The last battle of Hundred Years' War, the The French under Jean Bureau defeat the English under the Earl of Shrewsbury, who is killed in the battle in Gascony.
- 1717 – King George I of Great Britain sails down the River Thames with a barge of 50 musicians, where George Frideric Handel's Water Music is premiered.
- 1762 – Catherine II becomes tsar of Russia upon the murder of Peter III of Russia.
- 1771 – Bloody Falls Massacre: Chipewyan chief Matonabbee, traveling as the guide to Samuel Hearne on his Arctic overland journey, massacres a group of unsuspecting Inuit.
- 1791 – Members of the French National Guard under the command of General Lafayette open fire on a crowd of radical Jacobins at the Champ de Mars, Paris, during the French Revolution, killing as many as 50 people.
- 1794 – The sixteen Carmelite Martyrs of Compiègne are executed 10 days prior to the end of the French Revolution's Reign of Terror.
- 1856 – The Great Train Wreck of 1856 in Fort Washington, Pennsylvania, kills over 60 people.
- 1867 – Harvard School of Dental Medicine was established in Boston, Massachusetts. It was the first dental school in the U.S. that was affiliated with a university.
- 1899 – NEC Corporation is organized as the first Japanese joint venture with foreign capital.
- 1917 – King George V issues a Proclamation stating that the male line descendants of the British Royal Family will bear the surname Windsor.
- 1918 – Emperor Nicholas II of Russia and his immediate family and retainers are murdered by Bolshevik Chekists at the Ipatiev House in Yekaterinburg, Russia.
- 1918 – The RMS Carpathia, the ship that rescued the 705 survivors from the RMS Titanic, is sunk off Ireland by the German SM U-55; 5 lives are lost.
- 1932 – Altona Bloody Sunday.
- 1933 – After successfully crossing the Atlantic Ocean, the Lithuanian research aircraft Lituanica crashes in Europe under mysterious circumstances.
- 1936 – Spanish Civil War: An Armed Forces rebellion against the recently-elected leftist Popular Front government of Spain starts the civil war.
- 1938 – Douglas Corrigan takes off from Brooklyn to fly the "wrong way" to Ireland and becomes known as "Wrong Way" Corrigan.
- 1944 – Port Chicago disaster: Near the San Francisco Bay, two ships laden with ammunition for the war explode in Port Chicago, California, killing 320.
- 1944 – World War II: Napalm incendiary bombs are dropped for the first time by American P-38 pilots on a fuel depot at Coutances, near Saint-Lô, France.
- 1945 – World War II: the leaders of the three Allied nations, Winston Churchill, Harry S. Truman and Joseph Stalin, meet in the German city of Potsdam to decide the future of a defeated Germany.
- 1948 – The South Korean constitution is proclaimed.
- 1953 – The largest number of United States midshipman casualties in a single event results from an aircraft crash in Florida killing 44.
- 1955 – Disneyland is dedicated and opened by Walt Disney in Anaheim, California.
- 1962 – Nuclear weapons testing: The "Small Boy" test shot Little Feller I becomes the last atmospheric test detonation at the Nevada National Security Site.
- 1968 – A revolution occurs in Iraq when Abdul Rahman Arif is overthrown and the Ba'ath Party is installed as the governing power in Iraq with Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr as the new Iraqi President.
- 1973 – King Mohammed Zahir Shah of Afghanistan is deposed by his cousin Mohammed Daoud Khan while in Italy undergoing eye surgery.
- 1975 – Apollo–Soyuz Test Project: An American Apollo and a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft dock with each other in orbit marking the first such link-up between spacecraft from the two nations.
- 1976 – History of East Timor: East Timor is annexed, and becomes the 27th province of Indonesia.
- 1976 – The opening of the Summer Olympics in Montreal is marred by 25 African teams boycotting the New Zealand team.
- 1979 – Nicaraguan president General Anastasio Somoza Debayle resigns and flees to Miami, Florida.
- 1981 – The opening of the Humber Bridge by Queen Elizabeth II in England, United Kingdom.
- 1981 – A structural failure leads to the collapse of a walkway at the Hyatt Regency in Kansas City, Missouri killing 114 people and injuring more than 200.
- 1989 – First flight of the B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber.
- 1989 – Holy See-Poland relations are restored.
- 1996 – TWA Flight 800: Off the coast of Long Island, New York, a Paris-bound TWA Boeing 747 explodes, killing all 230 on board.
- 1996 – The Community of Portuguese Language Countries is founded.
- 1998 – Papua New Guinea earthquake: A tsunami triggered by an undersea earthquake destroys 10 villages in Papua New Guinea killing an estimated 3,183, leaving 2,000 more unaccounted for and thousands more homeless.
- 1998 – A diplomatic conference adopts the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, establishing a permanent international court to prosecute individuals for genocide, Crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.
- 2007 – TAM Airlines (TAM Linhas Aéreas) Flight 3054 crashes upon landing during rain in São Paulo. This is Brazil's deadliest aviation accident to date with an estimated 199 deaths.
- 2009 – Jakarta double bombings at the JW Marriott and Ritz-Carlton Hotels killed 9 people including 4 foreigners.
↑Jump back a sectionBirths
- 607 – Ali ibn Abi Talib, 4th Caliph of Islam and 1st Shi'ite Imam (d. 661)
- 1487 – Ismail I, Iranian ruler, founder of the Safavid dynasty (d. 1524)
- 1674 – Isaac Watts, English hymnwriter and theologian (d. 1748)
- 1698 – Pierre Louis Maupertuis, French mathematician (d. 1759)
- 1744 – Elbridge Gerry, American politician, 5th Vice President of the United States (d. 1814)
- 1745 – Peter Ludwig von der Pahlen, Russian general (d. 1826)
- 1763 – John Jacob Astor, German-American businessman (d. 1848)
- 1774 – John Wilbur, American minister (d. 1856)
- 1797 – Hippolyte Delaroche, French painter (d. 1856)
- 1823 – Leander Clark, American businessman and politician (d. 1910)
- 1831 – Xianfeng Emperor of China (d. 1861)
- 1839 – Ephraim Shay, American inventor and engineer, invented the Shay locomotive (d. 1916)
- 1845 – Hugo Treffner, Baltic German pedagogue (d. 1912)
- 1853 – Alexius Meinong, Austrian philosopher (d. 1920)
- 1868 – Henri Nathansen, Danish writer and director (d. 1944)
- 1870 – Charles Davidson Dunbar, Scottish bagpipe player (d. 1939)
- 1871 – Lyonel Feininger, German-American painter and caricaturist (d. 1956)
- 1882 – James Somerville, British admiral (d. 1949)
- 1888 – Shmuel Yosef Agnon, Israeli writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970)
- 1888 – Milán Füst, Hungarian writer, (d. 1967)
- 1889 – Erle Stanley Gardner, American lawyer and author (d. 1970)
- 1898 – Berenice Abbott, American photographer (d. 1991)
- 1898 – Osmond Borradaile, Canadian cinematographer (d. 1999)
- 1898 – George Robert Vincent, American historian (d. 1985)
- 1899 – James Cagney, American actor (d. 1986)
- 1900 – Marcel Dalio, French actor (d. 1983)
- 1901 – Luigi Chinetti, Italian-American race car driver (d. 1994)
- 1901 – Bruno Jasieński, Polish poet (d. 1938)
- 1902 – Christina Stead, Australian author (d. 1983)
- 1910 – James Coyne, Canadian banker, 2nd Governor of the Bank of Canada (d. 2012)
- 1910 – Barbara O'Neil, American actress (d. 1980)
- 1910 – Frank Olson, American biologist (d. 1953)
- 1911 – Ted Anderson, English footballer (d. 1979)
- 1912 – Erwin Bauer, German race car driver (d. 1958)
- 1912 – Art Linkletter, Canadian-American radio and television host (d. 2010)
- 1913 – Bertrand Goldberg, American architect, designed the Marina City building (d. 1997)
- 1913 – Marc Swayze, American writer and illustrator (d. 2012)
- 1915 – Fred Ball, American actor (d. 2007)
- 1917 – Lou Boudreau, American baseball player and manager (d. 2001)
- 1917 – Phyllis Diller, American actress and comedian (d. 2012)
- 1917 – Red Sovine, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1980)
- 1918 – Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio, Guatemalan politician, President of Guatemala (d. 2003)
- 1920 – Gordon Gould, American physicist, inventor of the laser (d. 2005)
- 1920 – Juan Antonio Samaranch, Spanish sports administrator, 7th President of the International Olympic Committee (d. 2010)
- 1920 – Kenneth Wolstenholme, English sportscaster (d. 2002)
- 1921 – Louis Lachenal, French mountaineer (d. 1955)
- 1921 – František Zvarík, Slovakian actor (d. 2008)
- 1923 – John Cooper, English car designer, co-founded the Cooper Car Company (d. 2000)
- 1924 – Olive Ann Burns, American author (d. 1990)
- 1925 – Jimmy Scott, American singer
- 1926 – Édouard Carpentier, Canadian wrestler (d. 2010)
- 1926 – Charles Champlin, American critic and writer
- 1928 – Vince Guaraldi, American singer-songwriter, musician, and composer (d. 1976)
- 1929 – Sergei K. Godunov, Russian mathematician
- 1932 – Quino, Argentine cartoonist
- 1932 – Johnny Kerr, American basketball player and coach (d. 2009)
- 1932 – Hal Riney, American advertising executive, founded Publicis & Hal Riney (d. 2008)
- 1933 – Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici, 9th Prime Minister of Malta
- 1933 – Tony Pithey, South African cricketer (d. 2006)
- 1935 – Diahann Carroll, American actor
- 1935 – Peter Schickele, American composer
- 1935 – Donald Sutherland, Canadian actor
- 1938 – Hermann Huppen, Belgian writer and illustrator
- 1939 – Andrée Champagne, Canadian actress and politician
- 1939 – Spencer Davis, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Spencer Davis Group)
- 1939 – Ali Khamenei, Iranian politician, 2nd Supreme Leader of Iran
- 1940 – Tim Brooke-Taylor, English actor
- 1941 – Daryle Lamonica, American football player
- 1941 – Bob Taylor, English cricketer
- 1941 – Achim Warmbold, German race car driver
- 1942 – Gale Garnett, New Zealand-Canadian singer, actress, and writer
- 1942 – Connie Hawkins, American basketball player
- 1942 – Don Kessinger, American baseball player
- 1942 – Peter Sissons, English journalist
- 1943 – LaVyrle Spencer, American author
- 1944 – Mark Burgess, New Zealand cricketer
- 1944 – Catherine Schell, Hungarian-English actress
- 1944 – Carlos Alberto Torres, Brazilian footballer
- 1945 – Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia
- 1946 – Alun Armstrong, English actor
- 1947 – Robert Begerau, German footballer
- 1947 – Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall
- 1947 – Wolfgang Flür, German musician (Kraftwerk)
- 1948 – Ron Asheton, American musician, songwriter, and actor (The Stooges, Destroy All Monsters, The New Order, and New Race) (d. 2009)
- 1948 – Luc Bondy, Swiss director
- 1949 – Geezer Butler, English musician and songwriter (Black Sabbath, GZR, and Heaven & Hell)
- 1949 – Charley Steiner, American sportscaster
- 1950 – Derek de Lint, Dutch actor
- 1950 – Damon Harris, American singer (The Temptations) (d. 2013)
- 1950 – Phoebe Snow, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Sisters of Glory) (d. 2011)
- 1950 – P. J. Soles, German-American actress
- 1951 – Lucie Arnaz, American actress
- 1952 – David Hasselhoff, American actor and singer
- 1952 – Nicolette Larson, American singer (d. 1997)
- 1954 – Angela Merkel, German politician, Chancellor of Germany
- 1954 – J. Michael Straczynski, American author
- 1955 – Paul Stamets, American mycologist and author
- 1955 – Christopher Chappell, Canadian cricketer
- 1956 – Robert Romanus, American actor
- 1956 – Bryan Trottier, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1957 – Fern Britton, English television host
- 1958 – Wong Kar-wai, Chinese director
- 1960 – Kim Barnett, English cricketer
- 1960 – Mark Burnett, English-American television producer
- 1960 – Nancy Giles, American actress
- 1960 – Robin Shou, Hong Kong actor
- 1960 – Dawn Upshaw, American soprano
- 1960 – Jan Wouters, Dutch footballer and manager
- 1961 – Guru, American rapper, producer, and actor (Gang Starr) (d. 2010)
- 1961 – Jeremy Hardy, English comedian
- 1961 – Roy Pienaar, South African cricketer
- 1961 – Jonathan Potts, Canadian actor
- 1962 – Bill Sage, American actor
- 1963 – Letsie III of Lesotho
- 1963 – Regina Belle, American singer-songwriter and producer
- 1963 – Matti Nykänen, Finnish ski jumper
- 1963 – John Ventimiglia, American actor
- 1965 – Craig Morgan, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1965 – Santiago Segura, Spanish actor and director
- 1965 – Alex Winter, English director
- 1966 – Lou Barlow, American singer-songwriter and musician (Deep Wound, Dinosaur Jr., Sebadoh, and The Folk Implosion)
- 1966 – Sten Tolgfors, Swedish politician
- 1967 – Susan Ashton, American singer
- 1968 – Beth Littleford, American comedian and actress
- 1968 – Andre Royo, American actor
- 1968 – Bitty Schram, American actress
- 1969 – F. Gary Gray, American director
- 1969 – Scott Johnson, American cartoonist
- 1970 – Mandy Smith, English model and singer
- 1971 – Calbert Cheaney, American basketball player
- 1971 – Cory Doctorow, Canadian author and activist
- 1971 – Nico Mattan, Belgian cyclist
- 1971 – Wilma van Hofwegen, Dutch swimmer
- 1972 – Elizabeth Cook, American singer and guitarist
- 1972 – Donny Marshall, American basketball player
- 1972 – Jason Rullo, American drummer (Symphony X and Redemption)
- 1972 – Jaap Stam, Dutch footballer
- 1972 – Eric Williams, American basketball player
- 1973 – Tony Dovolani, Albanian-American dancer
- 1973 – Eric Moulds, American football player
- 1973 – Liam Kyle Sullivan, American comedian and actor
- 1974 – Laura Macdonald, Scottish saxophonist and composer
- 1974 – Andy Whitfield, Welsh actor (d. 2011)
- 1975 – Darude, Finnish DJ and producer
- 1975 – Harlette, Australian-English fashion designer
- 1975 – Andre Adams, New Zealand cricketer
- 1975 – Elena Anaya, Spanish actress
- 1975 – Cécile de France, Belgian actress
- 1975 – Paul Hinojos, American musician and composer (At the Drive-In, The Mars Volta, and Sparta)
- 1975 – Konnie Huq, English television host
- 1975 – Terence Tao, Australian-Chinese mathematician
- 1976 – Luke Bryan, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1976 – Gino D'Acampo, Italian chef
- 1976 – Dagmara Dominczyk, Polish actress
- 1976 – Matt Holmes, Australian actor
- 1976 – Eric Winter, American actor
- 1977 – Leif Hoste, Belgian cyclist
- 1977 – Lehmber Hussainpuri, Indian singer
- 1977 – Marc Savard, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1978 – Ricardo Arona, Brazilian mixed martial artist
- 1978 – Panda Bear, American singer-songwriter and musician (Animal Collective and Jane)
- 1978 – Jason Jennings, American baseball player
- 1978 – Mike Knox, American wrestler
- 1978 – Émilie Simon, French singer-songwriter and composer
- 1978 – Katharine Towne, American actress
- 1979 – Mike Vogel, American actor
- 1980 – Javier Camuñas, Spanish footballer
- 1980 – Ryan Miller, American ice hockey player
- 1981 – Hely Ollarves, Venezuelan runner
- 1981 – Elpida Romantzi, Greek archer
- 1982 – Omari Banks, Indian cricketer
- 1982 – Natasha Hamilton, English singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress (Atomic Kitten)
- 1982 – René Herms, German runner (d. 2009)
- 1983 – Jessi Cruickshank, Canadian television host
- 1983 – Ryan Guettler, Australian bicycle motocross rider
- 1983 – Sarah Jones, American actress
- 1983 – Adam Lind, American baseball player
- 1984 – David Katoatau, I-Kiribati weightlifter
- 1984 – Asami Kimura, Japanese singer (Country Musume)
- 1984 – Samyr Laine, Haitian triple jumper
- 1984 – Sotiris Leontiou, Greek footballer
- 1985 – Tom Fletcher, English singer-songwriter and musician (McFly)
- 1985 – Neil McGregor, Scottish footballer
- 1986 – Dana, South Korean singer, dancer, and actress (The Grace)
- 1986 – Brando Eaton, American actor
- 1986 – DeAngelo Smith, American football player
- 1986 – Lacey Von Erich, American wrestler
- 1987 – Jeremih, American singer-songwriter and producer
- 1987 – Darius Boyd, Australian rugby player
- 1987 – Jan Charouz, Czech race car driver
- 1988 – Summer Bishil, American actress
- 1991 – Mann, American rapper
- 1998 – Felipe Juan Froilán de Marichalar y Borbón, Spanish son of Infanta Elena, Duchess of Lugo
- 2000 – Maria Aragon, Canadian singer
↑Jump back a sectionDeaths
- 521 – Magnus Felix Ennodius, Latin bishop and poet (b. 474)
- 656 – Uthman ibn Affan, Islamic 3rd caliph (b. 579)
- 924 – Edward the Elder, English king (b. 877)
- 1070 – Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders (b. 1030)
- 1453 – Dmitry Shemyaka, Russian prince
- 1453 – John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, English military leader (b. 1387)
- 1531 – Hosokawa Takakuni, Japanese military commander (b. 1484)
- 1566 – Bartolomé de las Casas, Spanish priest (b. 1484)
- 1571 – Georg Fabricius, German poet and historian (b. 1516)
- 1588 – Mimar Sinan, Ottoman architect and engineer (b. 1489)
- 1645 – Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset, Scottish politician (b. 1587)
- 1704 – Pierre-Charles Le Sueur, French fur trader and explorer (b. 1657)
- 1709 – Robert Bolling, English-American planter and merchant (b. 1646)
- 1790 – Adam Smith, Scottish economist and philosopher (b. 1723)
- 1791 – Martin Dobrizhoffer, Austrian missionary (b. 1717)
- 1793 – Charlotte Corday, French murderer (b. 1768)
- 1794 – John Roebuck, English chemist (b. 1718)
- 1845 – Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1764)
- 1878 – Aleardo Aleardi, Italian poet (b. 1812)
- 1879 – Maurycy Gottlieb, Ukrainian painter (b. 1856)
- 1881 – Jim Bridger, American mountain man and explorer (b. 1804)
- 1883 – Tu Duc, Vietnamese emperor (b. 1892)
- 1885 – Jean-Charles Chapais, Canadian politician (b. 1811)
- 1887 – Dorothea Dix, American activist (b. 1802)
- 1893 – Frederick A. Johnson, American politician (b. 1833)
- 1894 – Josef Hyrtl, Austrian anatomist (b. 1810)
- 1894 – Leconte de Lisle, French poet (b. 1818)
- 1907 – Hector Malot, French writer (b. 1830)
- 1912 – Henri Poincaré, French mathematician (b. 1854)
- 1918 – Family of Nicholas II of Russia (b. 1868)
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- 1928 – Giovanni Giolitti, Italian statesman (b. 1842)
- 1928 – Álvaro Obregón, Mexican politician, 39th President of Mexico (b. 1880)
- 1935 – George William Russell, Irish poet and artist (b. 1867)
- 1944 – William James Sidis, American mathematician (b. 1898)
- 1945 – Ernst Busch, German field marshal (b. 1885)
- 1946 – Draža Mihailović, Yugoslav General (b. 1893)
- 1950 – Evangeline Booth, English 4th General of The Salvation Army (b. 1865)
- 1950 – Antonie Nedošinská, Czech actress (b. 1885)
- 1959 – Billie Holiday, American singer-songwriter and actress (b. 1915)
- 1959 – Eugene Meyer, American businessman and publisher (b. 1875)
- 1961 – Ty Cobb, American baseball player (b. 1886)
- 1967 – John Coltrane, American saxophonist and composer (Miles Davis Quintet) (b. 1926)
- 1974 – Dizzy Dean, American baseball player (b. 1910)
- 1975 – Konstantine Gamsakhurdia, Georgian writer (b. 1893)
- 1980 – Don "Red" Barry, American actor (b. 1912)
- 1980 – Boris Delaunay, Russian mathematician (b. 1890)
- 1987 – Yujiro Ishihara, Japanese actor (b. 1934)
- 1988 – Bruiser Brody, professional wrestler (b. 1946)
- 1989 – Itubwa Amram, Nauruan pastor and politician (b. 1922)
- 1994 – Jean Borotra, French tennis player (b. 1898)
- 1995 – Juan Manuel Fangio, Argentinian race car driver (b. 1911)
- 1996 – Victims of TWA Flight 800
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- 1996 – Chas Chandler, American bass player and producer (The Animals) (b. 1938)
- 2001 – Katharine Graham, American publisher (b. 1917)
- 2003 – David Kelly, Welsh scientist (b. 1944)
- 2003 – Rosalyn Tureck, American pianist and harpsichordist (b. 1914)
- 2003 – Walter Zapp, Baltic German inventor (b. 1905)
- 2004 – Pat Roach, English wrestler and actor (b. 1937)
- 2005 – Laurel Aitken, Jamaican singer (b. 1927)
- 2005 – Geraldine Fitzgerald, Irish-American actress (b. 1913)
- 2005 – Edward Heath, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1916)
- 2005 – Gavin Lambert, English screenwriter and author (b. 1924)
- 2005 – Joe Vialls, Australian writer (b. 1944)
- 2006 – Sam Myers, American singer-songwriter and musician (b. 1936)
- 2006 – Mickey Spillane, American author (b. 1918)
- 2007 – Júlio Redecker, Brazilian politician (b. 1956)
- 2008 – Larry Haines, American actor (b. 1918)
- 2009 – Walter Cronkite, American journalist (b. 1916)
- 2009 – Leszek Kołakowski, Polish philosopher (b. 1927)
- 2011 – David Ngoombujarra, Australian actor (b. 1967)
- 2012 – Ottorino Pietro Alberti, Italian archbishop (b. 1927)
- 2012 – Mrinal Gore, Indian politician and activist (b. 1928)
- 2012 – Forrest S. McCartney, American general (b. 1931)
- 2012 – Ms. Melodie, American rapper (b. 1964)
- 2012 – İlhan Mimaroğlu, Turkish-American composer (b. 1926)
- 2012 – Morgan Paull, American actor (b. 1944)
- 2012 – William Raspberry, American journalist (b. 1935)
- 2012 – Marsha Singh, English politician (b. 1954)
- 2012 – Wahengbam Nipamacha Singh, Indian politician (b. 1930)
- 2012 – William L. Wainwright, American politician (b. 1947)
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