James Jackson (politician)

For other people named James Jackson, see James Jackson (disambiguation).

James Jackson
United States Senator from Georgia
In office March 4, 1793 – March 3, 1795 March 4, 1801 – March 19, 1806
Preceded by	William Few James Gunn
Succeeded by	George Walton John Milledge
23rd Governor of Georgia
In office September 23, 1798 – November 10, 1801
Preceded by	Jared Irwin
Succeeded by	David Emanuel
Personal details
Born	September 21, 1757 Devon, England
Died	March 19, 1806(1806-03-19) (aged 48) Washington, D.C.
Political party	Anti-Administration Democratic-Republican
Military service
Service/branch	Georgia Militia
Battles/wars	American Revolutionary War

James Jackson (September 21, 1757 – March 19, 1806) was an early Georgia politician of the Democratic-Republican Party. He was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1789 until 1791. He was also a U.S. Senator from Georgia from 1793 to 1795, and from 1801 until his death. In 1797 he was elected 23rd Governor of Georgia, serving from 1798 to 1801.

Early life

Jackson was born in Moretonhampstead, Devonshire, England. He immigrated at age 15 with his family to Savannah, Georgia in 1772. During the American Revolutionary War, he served in the Georgia Militia at the defense of Savannah, the Battle of Cowpens, and the recapture of Augusta and Savannah. As a young man, Jackson became well known as a duelist with a fiery temper.

Career

After the war, he built up his law practice in Savannah. Jackson was elected to the first Georgia state legislature. In 1788, Jackson was elected governor of Georgia, but declined the position, citing his inexperience.

In 1789, Jackson was elected to the First United States Congress. As a Jeffersonian Republican, he vigorously opposed Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton's financial plans for federal assumption of the states' debts from the Revolutionary War. He was also strongly opposed to efforts to curtail slavery. In the election of 1791, he was defeated for re-election to his seat by Anthony Wayne. Jackson was convinced that Wayne had not won his seat fairly, so he mounted a campaign against Wayne and his supporters, finally succeeding in removing Wayne from Congress.

Senator and Governor

Jackson was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1793. Meanwhile, the state of Georgia sold millions of acres of its western lands, called the Yazoo region, at extremely low prices to a group of investors. Jackson, believing that the sale was influenced by bribery of state legislatures, resigned his post in the Senate to run for a seat in the Georgia legislature in 1795.

He won the election and began to lead a campaign to repeal the Yazoo land sale. In 1798, he won the election for governor of Georgia and proceeded to implement the legislation repealing the Yazoo land sale. Jackson placed blame for the Yazoo land fraud on his political enemies, the Federalists. He built the Georgia Democratic-Republican party and led it to statewide dominance.

Jackson was re-elected to the Senate in 1801 and served until his death in 1806. He is buried in the Congressional Cemetery, a National Historic Landmark in Washington, DC.

Legacy

Jackson was the patriarch of a political dynasty in Georgia. His son, Jabez Young Jackson, was elected Representative from Georgia in the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth United States Congress. James Jackson's grandson, also named James Jackson, was a U.S. Representative from Georgia, a judge advocate on the staff of General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson, and a trustee of the University of Georgia.

References

•  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
• James Jackson at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Lamplugh, George. 2003. "James Jackson", The New Georgia Encyclopedia, Georgia Humanities Council

External links

• James Jackson at Find a Grave

United States House of Representatives
Preceded by New seat	Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Georgia's 1st congressional district March 4, 1789 — March 3, 1791	Succeeded by Anthony Wayne
United States Senate
Preceded by William Few	United States Senator (Class 2) from Georgia 1793–1795 Served alongside: James Gunn	Succeeded by George Walton
Preceded by James Gunn	United States Senator (Class 3) from Georgia 1801–1806 Served alongside: Abraham Baldwin	Succeeded by John Milledge
Political offices
Preceded by Jared Irwin	Governor of Georgia 1798 - 1801	Succeeded by David Emanuel