Hypervolemia
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| Hypervolemia | |
|---|---|
| Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-10 | E87.7 |
| ICD-9 | 276.6 |
Hypervolemia, or fluid overload, is the medical condition where there is too much fluid in the blood.
The opposite condition is hypovolemia, which is too little fluid volume in the blood.
Causes
Excessive sodium or fluid intake:
- IV therapy[1]
- Transfusion reaction by blood transfusions.[1][2]
- High intake of sodium[1]
Sodium or water retention:
- Heart failure[1]
- Liver cirrhosis[1]
- Nephrotic syndrome[1]
- Corticosteroid therapy[1]
- Hyperaldosteronism[1]
- Low protein intake[1]
Fluid shift into the intravascular space:
- Fluid remobilization after burn treatment[1]
- Administration of hypertonic fluids, e.g. mannitol[1] or hypertonic saline solution
- Administration of plasma proteins, such as albumin[1]
Symptoms
The excess fluid, primarily salt and water, builds up in various locations in the body and leads to an increase in weight, swelling in the legs and arms (peripheral edema), and/or fluid in the abdomen (ascites). Eventually, the fluid enters the air spaces in the lungs, reduces the amount of oxygen that can enter the blood, and causes shortness of breath (dyspnea). Fluid can also collect in the lungs when lying down at night, possibly making nighttime breathing and sleeping difficult (paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea).
Complications
Congestive heart failure is the most common result of fluid overload. Also, it may cause hyponatremia (hypervolemic hyponatremia).[3]
See also
- volume status
- fluid balance
- edema
- anasarca (swelling of skin)
- ascites (excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity)
- pleural effusion (excess fluid in the pleural cavity)
- congestive heart failure
- diuretics
- aquapheresis
- Low pressure receptor zones
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Page 62 (Fluid imbalances) in: Portable Fluids and Electrolytes (Portable Series). Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007. ISBN 1-58255-678-4.
- ^ "Complications of Transfusion: Transfusion Medicine: Merck Manual Professional". http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec11/ch146/ch146e.html#sec11-ch146-ch146d-1100. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
- ^ The MERCK MANUALS > Hyponatremia Last full review/revision May 2009 by James L. Lewis, III, MD
External links
- Hypervolemia symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and general details
- How Heart Failure causes fluid accumulation – An animated journey through Heart Failure
- CRISP Thesaurus 00004009
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