Hikawa Maru-class ocean liner

	Hikawa Maru on 22 March 1930
Class overview
Name	Hikawa Maru class ocean liners
Builders	Yokohama Dock Company; Ōsaka Iron Works;
Operators	Nippon Yūsen (NYK Line); Government of Japan; Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN);
Cost	Hikawa Maru and Hie Maru; 6,550,000 JPY; Heian Maru; 6,650,000 JPY;
Built	1928 – 1930
In commission	1930 – 1960
Planned	3
Completed	3
Lost	2
Retired	1
Preserved	1
General characteristics
Type	Ocean liner
Tonnage	Hikawa Maru 11,622 grt; Hie Maru 11,621 grt; Heian Maru11,615 grt;
Length	163.3 m (535 ft 9 in) overall
Beam	20.1 m (65 ft 11 in)
Draught	12.5 m (41 ft 0 in)
Propulsion	2 × B&W-Ikegai diesels; 2 shafts; Hikawa Maru; 11,000 bhp; Hie Maru; 13,122 bhp; Heian Maru; 13,404 bhp;
Speed	Hikawa Maru; 18.2 knots (20.9 mph; 33.7 km/h); Hie Maru; 18.5 knots (21.3 mph; 34.3 km/h); Heian Maru; 18.4 knots (21.2 mph; 34.1 km/h);
Capacity	Hikawa Maru and Hie Maru; 331 passengers (76 first class, 69 tourist class, 186 third class); Heian Maru; 330 passengers (76 first class, 69 tourist class, 185 third class);
Crew	130
Armament	Hie Maru and Heian Maru, 1942 ; 4 × 150 mm (5.9 in) L/40 naval guns; 4 × 13 mm AA guns;

The Hikawa Maru-class ocean liner (氷川丸型貨客船,, Hikawa Maru-gata Kakyakusen) was a class of ocean liners of Japan, serving during the 1930s, and after World War II.

Background edit

In 1927-28, the NYK Line placed an order for eight ocean liners to reinforce the Japan–Seattle route (3 × Hikawa Maru class), Japan–San Francisco route (3 × Asama Maru class), and Japan–London route (2 × Terukuni Maru class). The Hikawa Maru class were named the Hikawa Maru, Hiye Maru (later Hei Maru) and Heian Maru.

Service edit

Hikawa Maru was completed on 25 April 1930. Her maiden voyage was 13 May 1930 for Yokohama–Seattle. Arrived at Seattle on 27 May. She sailed 73 times until August 1941. Her service was popular, and the cuisine was well-regarded, as NYK Line employed a chef trained in Europe.

Hie Maru was completed on 31 July 1930. Her maiden voyage was 23 August 1930 from Kobe.

Heian Maru was completed on 24 November 1930. Her maiden voyage was 18 December 1930 from Hong Kong.

All of them were enlisted by the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) in October–November 1941.

Ships in class edit

Name	Builder	Laid down	Launched	Completed	Note
Hikawa Maru (氷川丸)	Yokohama Dock Company	9 November 1928	30 September 1929	25 April 1930	She was taken up by the Navy on 21 November 1941.
Hiye Maru / Hie Maru (日枝丸)^[2]	Yokohama Dock Company	25 May 1929	12 February 1930	31 July 1930	Her name spelling was changed Hie Maru in 1938. She was enlisted by the Navy in 1940.
Heian Maru (平安丸)	Ōsaka Iron Works, Sakurajima Factory	19 July 1929	16 April 1930	24 November 1930	She was taken by the Navy on 15 October 1941.

Service in World War II edit

Hikawa Maru was classified to auxiliary hospital ship on 1 December 1941, and she was assigned to the 4th Fleet.
Hie Maru was classified to auxiliary submarine tender on 15 February 1942, and she was assigned to the 6th Fleet.
Heian Maru was classified to auxiliary submarine tender on 15 October 1941, and she was assigned to the 6th Fleet.
17 November 1943, Hie Maru was sunk by USN submarine.
18 February 1944, Heian Maru was sunk by air raid at Chuuk.
10 August 1946, Hikawa Maru survived war, and she was reverted to the NYK Line.

Ships in class as naval vessel edit

Name	Career	Fate
Hikawa Maru	Classified to auxiliary hospital ship on 1 December 1941. Reverted to NYK Line on 10 August 1946.	Retired on 21 December 1960. She is now anchored at Port of Yokohama.
Hie Maru	Classified to auxiliary transport in 1940. Reverted to NYK Line in October 1940. Enlisted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on 22 September 1941. Enlisted by the Navy on 26 November 1941, classified the auxiliary transport. Classified to auxiliary submarine tender on 15 February 1942. Classified to auxiliary transport on 1 October 1943.	Sunk by USS Drum at southwest of Truk 01°45′N 148°45′E / 1.750°N 148.750°E / 1.750; 148.750 on 17 November 1943.
Heian Maru	Classified to auxiliary submarine tender on 15 October 1941.	Sunk during the Operation Hailstone on 18 February 1944.

Photos edit

NYK Line Hie Maru
NYK Line Heian Maru in 1937
IJN Hikawa Maru in wartime
IJN Heian Maru (center) in May 1943
IJN Heian Maru in June 1943
NYK Line Hikawa Maru in 1947
Hikawa Maru on 16 December 2006

Footnotes edit

^ These contents by the official documents of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Their armaments does not become clear. The Hie Maru photograph was not left.
^ Her romanization of Japanese name spelling is Hie Maru by the Hepburn style. However, her bow name spelling was Hiye Maru until 1938. The Kanji and pronunciations were not changed.

Bibliography edit

Tashirō Iwashige, The visual guide of Japanese wartime merchant marine, "Dainippon Kaiga". Archived from the original on 2002-12-07. (Japan), May 2009
Ships of the World special issue, The Golden Age of Japanese Passenger Liners, "Kaijinsha"., (Japan), May 2004
Voyage of a Century "Photo Collection of NYK Ships", "Nippon Yūsen"., (Japan), October 1985
The Maru Special, Japanese Naval Vessels No.29, "Japanese submarine tenders w/ auxiliary submarine tenders", "Ushio Shobō". (Japan), July 1979
The Maru Special, Japanese Naval Vessels No.53, "Japanese support vessels", Ushio Shobō (Japan), July 1981

[1] These contents by the official documents of the Imperial Japanese Navy. Their armaments does not become clear. The Hie Maru photograph was not left.

[2] Her romanization of Japanese name spelling is Hie Maru by the Hepburn style. However, her bow name spelling was Hiye Maru until 1938. The Kanji and pronunciations were not changed.

[1]

[2]