Hermit Thrush
| Hermit Thrush | |
|---|---|
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| Conservation status | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Turdidae |
| Genus: | Catharus |
| Species: | C. guttatus |
| Binomial name | |
| Catharus guttatus (Pallas, 1811) |
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| Synonyms | |
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Hylocichla guttata |
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The Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) is a medium-sized North American thrush. It is not very closely related to the other North American migrant species of Catharus, but rather to the Mexican Russet Nightingale-thrush.[2]
Description
This species measures 15 to 18 cm (5.9 to 7.1 in) in length, spans 25 to 30 cm (9.8 to 12 in) across the wings and weighs 18 to 37 g (0.63 to 1.3 oz). Among standard measurements, the wing chord is 7.8 to 11.1 cm (3.1 to 4.4 in), the bill is 1.6 to 1.9 cm (0.63 to 0.75 in) and the tarsus is 2.7 to 3.3 cm (1.1 to 1.3 in). It is more compact and stockier than other North American Catharus thrushes, with relatively longer wings.[3] The Hermit Thrush has the white-dark-white underwing pattern characteristic of Catharus thrushes. Adults are mainly brown on the upperparts, with reddish tails. The underparts are white with dark spots on the breast and grey or brownish flanks. They have pink legs and a white eye ring. Birds in the east are more olive-brown on the upperparts; western birds are more grey-brown.
Behaviour
Their breeding habitat is coniferous or mixed woods across Canada, Alaska, and the northeastern and western United States. They make a cup nest on the ground or relatively low in a tree.
Hermit Thrushes migrate to wintering grounds in the southern United States and south to Central America but some remain in northern coastal US states and southern Ontario.[4] Although they usually only breed in forests, Hermit Thrushes will sometimes winter in parks and wooded suburban neighbourhoods. They are very rare vagrants to western Europe. It has also occurred as a vagrant in northeast Asia.[5]
They forage on the forest floor, also in trees or shrubs, mainly eating insects and berries.
Song
The Hermit Thrush's song[6] is ethereal and flute-like, consisting of a beginning note, then several descending musical phrases in a minor key, repeated at different pitches. They often sing from a high open location.
In culture
The Hermit Thrush is the state bird of Vermont.
Walt Whitman construes the Hermit Thrush as a symbol of the American voice, poetic and otherwise, in his elegy for Abraham Lincoln, "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd,"[7] one of the fundamental texts in the American literary canon. "A Hermit Thrush"[8] is the name of a poem by the American poet Amy Clampitt. A Hermit Thrush appears in the fifth section ("What the Thunder Said") of the T. S. Eliot poem The Waste Land.
Former Canadian indie-rock band Thrush Hermit took their name from a reversal of the two parts. It is also shared by the American bands Hermit Thrushes and Hermit Thrush.
The song of the Hermit Thrush is audible in the "Garden" stage of Super Mario Galaxy for the Nintendo Wii.
A slightly altered song of the Hermit Thrush was used for the Mockingjay's song in the early scenes of the Hunger Games film. The Hermit Thrush's song, as well as the House Wren and Mourning Warbler are all very common in modern-day media.
References
- ^ BirdLife International (2012). "Catharus guttatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 16 July 2012.
- ^ Winker & Pruett, 2006
- ^ Thrushes by Peter Clement. Princeton University Press (2001). ISBN 978-0691088525
- ^ Hermit Thrush, All about Birds
- ^ Brazil, Mark (2009) Birds of East Asia ISBN 978-0-7136-7040-0 page 402
- ^ "Hermit Thrush Song" (WAV). Archived from the original on 2007-10-31. Retrieved 2008-07-26. (Through The Internet Archive)
- ^ Whitman, Walt. "When Lilacs Last in the Door-yard Bloom’d". Bartleby. Retrieved 2008-07-26.
- ^ Clampitt, Amy. "A Hermit Thrush". The Academy of American Poets. Retrieved 2008-07-26.
Works cited
- Winker, Kevin & Pruett, Christin L. (2006): Seasonal migration, speciation, and morphological convergence in the avian genus Catharus (Turdidae). Auk 123(4): 1052-1068. [Article in English with Spanish abstract] DOI: 10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[1052:SMSAMC]2.0.CO;2 PDF fulltext
- Farrand, John & Bull, John, The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Birds, Eastern Region, National Audubon Society (1977)
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Catharus guttatus |
- Hermit Thrush - Catharus guttarus - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
- Hermit Thrush Species Account - Cornell Lab of Ornithology
