Azurocidin also known as cationic antimicrobial protein CAP37 or heparin-binding protein (HBP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AZU1 gene.[3][4]

AZU1
Available structures
PDBHuman UniProt search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesAZU1, AZAMP, AZU, CAP37, HBP, HUMAZUR, NAZC, hHBP, azurocidin 1
External IDsOMIM: 162815; HomoloGene: 74404; GeneCards: AZU1; OMA:AZU1 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001700

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001691

n/a

Location (UCSC)Chr 19: 0.83 – 0.83 Mbn/a
PubMed search[2]n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Function

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Azurophil granules, specialized lysosomes of the neutrophil, contain at least 10 proteins implicated in the killing of microorganisms. The protein encoded by this gene is an azurophil granule antimicrobial protein, with monocyte chemotactic and antibacterial activity. It is also an important multifunctional inflammatory mediator.[5] The genes encoding this protein, neutrophil elastase 2, and proteinase 3 are in a cluster located at chromosome 19pter. All 3 genes are expressed coordinately and their protein products are packaged together into azurophil granules during neutrophil differentiation.[4]

Structure

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Comparison of Azurocidin 1 structure (pseudoprotease) to Chymotrypsin (functional protease) of same superfamily

This encoded protein is a member of the PA clan of proteases but it is not a serine proteinase, because the active site serine and histidine residues are replaced, making it a pseudoenzyme.[6]

Clinical significance

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In patients with fever, high plasma levels of HBP indicates that the patient is at high risk of developing sepsis with circulatory collapse.[7]

References

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  1. ^ a b c ENSG00000172232 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000278624, ENSG00000172232Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  3. ^ Morgan JG, Sukiennicki T, Pereira HA, Spitznagel JK, Guerra ME, Larrick JW (Nov 1991). "Cloning of the cDNA for the serine protease homolog CAP37/azurocidin, a microbicidal and chemotactic protein from human granulocytes". J Immunol. 147 (9): 3210–4. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.147.9.3210. PMID 1919011.
  4. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: AZU1 azurocidin 1 (cationic antimicrobial protein 37)".
  5. ^ Soehnlein O, Lindbom L (2009). "Neutrophil-derived azurocidin alarms the immune system". Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 85 (3): 344–351. doi:10.1189/jlb.0808495. ISSN 1938-3673. PMID 18955543. S2CID 23637918.
  6. ^ Iversen LF, Kastrup JS, Bjørn SE, Rasmussen PB, Wiberg FC, Flodgaard HJ, Larsen IK (1997). "Structure of HBP, a multifunctional protein with a serine proteinase fold". Nature Structural Biology. 4 (4): 265–268. doi:10.1038/nsb0497-265. ISSN 1072-8368. PMID 9095193. S2CID 19949043.
  7. ^ Linder A, Christensson B, Herwald H, Björck L, Akesson P (October 2009). "Heparin-binding protein: an early marker of circulatory failure in sepsis". Clin. Infect. Dis. 49 (7): 1044–50. doi:10.1086/605563. PMID 19725785.
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Further reading

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