Haiyang (simplified Chinese: 海阳; traditional Chinese: 海陽; pinyin: Hǎiyáng), is a coastal city in Shandong province in eastern China, located on the Yellow Sea (southern) coast of the Shandong Peninsula. It is a county-level city under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Yantai.

Haiyang
海阳市
Location in Yantai
Location in Yantai
Haiyang is located in Shandong
Haiyang
Haiyang
Location in Shandong
Coordinates: 36°46′45″N 121°10′05″E / 36.77917°N 121.16806°E / 36.77917; 121.16806
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceShandong
Prefecture-level cityYantai
Area
 • Total1,886 km2 (728 sq mi)
Population
 (2017)[1]
 • Total658,000
 • Density350/km2 (900/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
265100
Websitewww.haiyang.gov.cn (in Chinese)

Haiyang is a popular tourist destination[citation needed] known for its national parks, wetland reserves, yachting and beaches[citation needed]. On 2 December 2006 the Olympic Council of Asia in Doha announced the selection of Haiyang as the host city for the 2012 Asian Beach Games. Haiyang is the site of the new Haiyang Nuclear Power Plant.[2] Haiyang is the hometown of writer Sun Junqing (孙俊卿),[3] whose 1962 work about the hope for a better year of farming in 1963 after the Great Chinese Famine is part of the Putonghua Proficiency Test.[4]

Geography edit

Administrative Divisions edit

As of 2012, Haiyang administers four subdistricts and 9 towns:[5]

Name Chinese (S) Hanyu Pinyin
Subdistricts
Dongcun 东村街道 Dōngcūn Jiēdào
Fangyuan 方圆街道 Fāngyuán Jiēdào
Fengcheng 凤城街道 Fèngchéng Jiēdào
Longshan 龙山街道 Lóngshān Jiēdào
Towns
Lidian 里店镇 Lǐdiàn Zhèn
Xiaoji 小纪镇 Xiǎojǐ Zhèn
Xingcun 行村镇 Xíngcūn zhèn
Xin'an 辛安镇 Xīn'ān Zhèn
Liugezhuang 留格庄镇 Liúgézhuāng Zhèn
Panshi 盘石镇 Pánshí Zhèn
Zhuwu 朱吴镇 Zhūwú Zhèn
Facheng 发城镇 Fāchéng Zhèn
Guocheng 郭城镇 Guōchéng Zhèn

Climate edit

Climate data for Haiyang (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 13.0
(55.4)
19.7
(67.5)
23.0
(73.4)
31.5
(88.7)
33.3
(91.9)
37.4
(99.3)
37.6
(99.7)
35.6
(96.1)
36.6
(97.9)
29.9
(85.8)
23.4
(74.1)
17.5
(63.5)
37.6
(99.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 3.4
(38.1)
5.8
(42.4)
10.6
(51.1)
16.8
(62.2)
22.5
(72.5)
25.7
(78.3)
28.4
(83.1)
29.1
(84.4)
26.1
(79.0)
20.4
(68.7)
12.9
(55.2)
5.8
(42.4)
17.3
(63.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) −1.2
(29.8)
0.8
(33.4)
5.5
(41.9)
11.7
(53.1)
17.5
(63.5)
21.5
(70.7)
25.0
(77.0)
25.5
(77.9)
21.6
(70.9)
15.3
(59.5)
8.0
(46.4)
1.2
(34.2)
12.7
(54.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −4.6
(23.7)
−2.8
(27.0)
1.6
(34.9)
7.6
(45.7)
13.5
(56.3)
18.3
(64.9)
22.4
(72.3)
22.5
(72.5)
17.7
(63.9)
11.1
(52.0)
4.2
(39.6)
−2.1
(28.2)
9.1
(48.4)
Record low °C (°F) −13.7
(7.3)
−13.2
(8.2)
−9.2
(15.4)
−3.1
(26.4)
4.1
(39.4)
10.6
(51.1)
16.1
(61.0)
14.6
(58.3)
8.0
(46.4)
−0.5
(31.1)
−7.9
(17.8)
−12.5
(9.5)
−13.7
(7.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 7.4
(0.29)
13.9
(0.55)
19.1
(0.75)
41.9
(1.65)
64.8
(2.55)
82.6
(3.25)
153.0
(6.02)
174.5
(6.87)
58.7
(2.31)
24.4
(0.96)
26.5
(1.04)
12.4
(0.49)
679.2
(26.73)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 2.9 2.9 4.1 5.6 7.9 8.4 12.0 11.1 6.8 4.4 4.1 3.5 73.7
Average snowy days 5.1 3.4 1.4 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 5.0 16.5
Average relative humidity (%) 61 60 59 61 67 77 84 81 70 65 64 63 68
Mean monthly sunshine hours 188.5 181.2 227.1 232.0 251.8 209.6 174.8 204.6 220.1 219.6 184.0 182.5 2,475.8
Percent possible sunshine 61 59 61 59 57 48 39 49 60 64 61 61 57
Source: China Meteorological Administration[6][7]

History edit

Historical affiliation edit

Haiyang was first settled with Laiyi people, one of the peripheral Chinese ethnic minorities, some 2,300 years ago, and was annexed into China proper over centuries of dynasty rule and wars. Haiyang was ,consecutively, under administration of Qi Kingdom in Warring Period, Jiaodong Province in Qin Dynasty, Laizhou Prefecture in Tang, Song, and Yuan Dynasties, and Dengzhou Prefecture in Ming Dynasty.[citation needed]

Dasongwei Fortress edit

In 1389, Dasongwei Fortress, one of the nine coastal fortresses of the time to guard against Japanese invasion and pirate attacks, was set up to govern (both administratively and militarily) the area known today as Haiyang. In 1734, Dasongwei Fortress was officially renamed as Haiyang, which name is still used today for the land covering the south coast of Shandong Peninsula, with an area of more than 3,000 kilometers. In 1947, the newly founded communist government cut off the eastern land of Haiyang to create another county of Rushan, and since then, Haiyang's 1,886 kilometer area forms a shape that resembles a flying phoenix towards the Pacific Ocean.[citation needed]

European settlement edit

From the late 19th century until World War I, Haiyang was a strategic town on the route between the two European settlements of Qingdao and Weihaiwei, respectively taken by Germany in 1898 and Britain in 1898 on a lease basis, and commercial and trade activities were active until 1947 when the communist troops took over.[citation needed]

Economy edit

Haiyang Port edit

Haiyang Port is one of the pivotal ports along the south coastline of Shandong Peninsula with sea routes connecting to Korea, Japan and southern Chinese ports. In May 1860, the French Navy tried to land so they could take the fortress, but their invasion attempt failed. In August 1947, the government troops retreated from the port towards Qingdao after a defeat by the communists. In April 1963, the Taiwan-based Chinese nationalist troops tried to land to take back the city and all the troops were defeated and captured by the Chinese paramilitaries. Haiyang Port is one of the trade ports for the peninsula with active export-oriented manufacturies, and is administratively under Qingdao Customs and Port Authorities.[citation needed]

Clean energy transition edit

Due to natural gas shortages, the Chinese government implemented a 5-year plan in 2017 to convert half of northern China to clean energy for winter heating.[8] By the end of 2019 the Haiyang Nuclear Power Plant provided heating to 700,000 square meters of housing via non-radioactive steam, with the entire city expected to follow by 2021. This is anticipated to save 23,200 tons of coal each year,[9] and more than 60,000 tons of fossil fuel emissions.[10]

Tourism edit

Vacation facilities edit

Haiyang is nicknamed the West Pacific Paradise, partially due to its literal meaning of the city name, which means Ocean and Sun. With the Laoshan mountain range in the northwest, and the Kunyu mountain range in the northeast, Haiyang has some of the most popular facilities of beach sporting and leisure resorts in the area, including, but not limited to, Tiger Beach Golf Courses, Yachting Clubs, sailing events, Sand Carving Parks, Beach Volleyball Club, Beach Basketball Club, Music Festival, Japanese Village, seaview gardens and terrains, Phoenix Wetland Reserve, National Forest Park, and Coast Film Park. Rocky Islands, some 80 kilometers off the shore is another vacation resort of the city.[citation needed]

Leisure resorts edit

The city is a prime destination for beach sports[citation needed] with its 230 kilometer coastline, and topographically is quite similar to Scotland. In the past decade, this city has quickly become one of the top summer resorts and vacation getaways in China, and in northeast Asia in general.[citation needed]

Asian Beach Games edit

Haiyang hosted the 2012 Asian Beach Games, the first ever to be held in China, which was announced by the Olympic Council of Asia in Doha on 2 December 2006.[citation needed]

Twin Towns and Sister Cities edit

As of September 2019, Haiyang is twinned with Cranberry Township in Butler County, Pennsylvania.[11]

References edit

  1. ^ a b 中国•海阳概况 [Introduction to Haiyang, China] (in Simplified Chinese). Haiyang government website. 7 May 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  2. ^ NucNet. Ground Broken At Site Of China’s Haiyang Nuclear Power Plant Archived 2011-10-04 at the Wayback Machine. 30 July 2008.
  3. ^ 海阳市筹建峻青文学艺术馆 今年10月有望开馆 [Haiyang city preparing to build Junqing Literature & Art Museum, to be opened to the public this October] (in Simplified Chinese). Fenghuang Shandong. Retrieved 8 December 2017. 峻青,原名孙俊卿,1922年出生于烟台海阳市郭城镇西楼子村,当代著名作家、画家。
  4. ^ 普通话水平测试实施纲要. Commercial Press. 2003. p. 342–343.
  5. ^ 历史行政区划 [Historical Administrative Divisions] (in Simplified Chinese). Haiyang government website. 13 July 2013. Retrieved 8 December 2017. 到2012年,全市辖14个镇、街道,分别是东村街道、方圆街道、凤城街道、龙山街道、里店镇、小纪镇、行村镇、辛安镇、留格庄镇、盘石镇、朱吴镇、发城镇、徐家店镇、郭城镇。
  6. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  7. ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  8. ^ "China unveils 2017-2021 winter clean heating plan: media". Reuters. Retrieved 1 December 2020.[dead link]
  9. ^ "Haiyang nuclear plant furthers nation's green push - Chinadaily.com.cn". www.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  10. ^ "Haiyang begins commercial-scale district heat supply : New Nuclear - World Nuclear News". www.world-nuclear-news.org. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  11. ^ Beneviat, Natalie (6 February 2013). "Cranberry Township Sister Cities Association set for Year of Snake". www.tribliveoffers.com. Retrieved 30 January 2024.

External links edit