File:Pitofdespair-Harlow.jpg

This image is a faithful digitisation of a unique historic image, and the copyright for it is most likely held by the person who created the image or the agency employing the person. It is believed that the use of this image may qualify as non-free use under the Copyright law of the United States. Any other uses of this image, on Wikipedia or elsewhere, may be copyright infringement. See Wikipedia:Non-free content for more information. Please remember that the non-free content criteria require that non-free images on Wikipedia must not "[be] used in a manner that is likely to replace the original market role of the original copyrighted media." Use of historic images from press agencies must only be of a transformative nature, when the image itself is the subject of commentary rather than the event it depicts (which is the original market role, and is not allowed per policy). Fair use //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pitofdespair-Harlow.jpg true

To the uploader: Please add a detailed non-free use rationale for each article the image is used in, which must also declare compliance with the other parts of the non-free content criteria, as well as the source of the work and copyright information. For example non-free use rationales, see Wikipedia:Use rationale examples. Template:Non-free use rationale 2 may be helpful for stating the rationale. To patrollers and administrators: If this image has an appropriate rationale please append |image has rationale=yes as a parameter to the license template. If this tag does not accurately describe this image, please replace it with an appropriate one. Fair use true

Copyright: Harry Harlow, University of Wisconsin.

Source: This image taken from [1] [2].

First published in Harlow, H.F. (1974). "Induction and alleviation of depressive states in monkeys," pp. 197-208 in Ethology and psychiatry (N. F. White, ed). Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press. The image appears as figure 5, p. 201.

Also available in Stephens, Martin L. Maternal Deprivation Experiments in Psycholgy: A Critique of Animal Models. The American Anti-Vivisection Society, The National Anti-Vivisection Society, New England Anti-Vivisection. 1986, p. 48.

Rationale for use in Pit of despair edit

Though this image is subject to copyright, its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws, and the stricter requirements of Wikipedia's non-free content policies, because:

1. It is an iconic photograph of an historically significant animal experiment conducted by psychologist Harry Harlow at the University of Wisconsin in the late 1960s.
2. It is a low-resolution image. Copies made from it will be of inferior quality.
3. It is only being used for informational purposes.
4. Its inclusion in the article adds significantly to its educational value, because it is difficult to imagine the impact of the experiment—on the humans and animals engaged in it, and on the public who heard about it—from a description alone. One example of a source discussing its notoriety: in 1970, when Harlow left the University of Wisconsin, "[t]he remaining staff ripped out [the devices]; Suomi [one of Harlow's students] claimed that they gave him nightmares. He wasn't alone. By that time, too, there was a tide of rising public hostility against such experiments. Reaction was so strong that Sackett [another of Harlow's students] believes that the modern animal rights movement was, in part, born in the hissing anger over Harlow's laboratory" (Deborah Blum, The Monkey Wars, Oxford University Press, 1994, p. 96).
5. It has no commercial value.
6. The copyright holder is dead.
7. It is non-reproducible.