DescriptionChaleuria cirrosa fossil land plant (Lower Devonian; New Brunswick, southeastern Canada) 1 (15518602081).jpg
Chaleuria cirrosa Andrews et al., 1974 fossil land plant from the Lower Devonian of New Brunswick, southeastern Canada. (public display, FMNH PP 33636, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA)
Plants are multicellular, photosynthetic eucaryotes. The oldest known land plant body fossils are Silurian in age. Fossil root traces of land plants are known back in the Ordovician. The Devonian was the key time interval during which land plants flourished and Earth experienced its first “greening” of the land. The earliest land plants were small and simple and probably remained close to bodies of water. By the Late Devonian, land plants had evolved large, tree-sized bodies and the first-ever forests appeared.
Chaleuria is the oldest known plant that has heterospory - its sporangia produced spores of two discrete size ranges. Heterospory became a widespread reproductive feature in land plants by the Late Devonian. Chaleuria was initially interpreted as a progymnosperm (see examples elsewhere in this photo album), but it has since been considered to have uncertain affinities (Plantae incertae sedis).
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