Fanny Parkes or Parks (née Frances Susanna Archer) (1794–1875) was a travel writer from Wales, known for her extensive journals about colonial India, where she lived for 24 years. These are recorded in her memoirs Wanderings of a Pilgrim in Search of the Picturesque.[2][3] in which she acknowledged authorship only by a signature in Urdu script. In 1970, extracts from her memoirs, Begums, Thugs and White Mughals, became available for the first time since their original appearance in 1850.[4] The first biography, by Barbara Eaton, Fanny Parks: Intrepid Memsahib, appeared in 2018.[5]
Fanny Parkes | |
|---|---|
| Born | Frances Susanna Archer 8 December 1794[1] Conwy, Wales |
| Died | 1875 (aged 80–81) City of Westminster, London |
| Occupation | Author and travel writer |
| Spouse | Charles Crawford Parks
(m. 1822; died 1856) |
Early life and family edit
Fanny Parkes was born Frances Susanna Archer in Conwy, Wales, the daughter of Ann and Captain William Archer, 16th Lancers. On 25 March 1822 she married Charles Crawford Parks (17 November 1797 – 22 August 1856), a writer for the East India Companies.[6]
Travel writing edit
Fanny lived in India between 1822 and 1846, with a break in England and Cape Town 1839–1844.[7]
Parkes began living in Calcutta in 1822, before moving to Allahabad ten years later due to her husband's posting.[citation needed] Parks wrote two volumes on her time travelling through India on horseback and befriending people around her, while learning Persian, Hindustani and Urdu.[citation needed] Her detailed memoirs, written in a lively style, reveal independence of mind. Parkes allows an affectionate pre-colonial perspective of northern India and its peoples and customs, recording changes in Britain's governing of India, the economic impact of such policies, and domestic problems in Indian society. People she encountered included wealthy socialites and famine-stricken residents of Kanauj, seen on a trip over mountains from Landour to Simla. Parks' narrative reflects admiration and respect for the richness of Indian culture. It includes a glossary of terms and a collection of translated Indian proverbs.[citation needed]
Some of Parkes's writings cover topics that were controversial at the time. One of the extreme examples was the murder of a woman in sati by those who felt that male heirs were more entitled to her possessions.[citation needed] Parks condemned the event and went on to criticize the laws governing married women in England. Parks also protested about a plan to sell the Taj Mahal, which she compared to Westminster Abbey. Clashing with the lack of respect for Indian culture commonly found in Europe, she described natural beauty in Delhi and Benares, and fascinating dress and cuisine. In one of her last entries, she described feeling disenchanted with Europe after leaving India.[citation needed]
The memoirs were published as Wanderings of a Pilgrim in Search of the Picturesque during four and twenty years in the East with Revelations of Life in the Zenana (Pelham Richardson, 1850). William Dalrymple rediscovered and edited this travelogue as Begums, Thugs & Englishmen. The Journals of Fanny Parkes (Penguin Publishers). Iris Portal referred to Parks as a "kindred spirit" because of her curious writing style and the fact that her book expresses an open-minded approach to Indian customs.[citation needed]
In 1851 she invested money, organised and wrote the catalogue of the "Grand moving diorama of Hindostan, from Fort William, Bengal, to Gangoutri in the Himalaya", which was displayed at the "Asiatic Gallery, Baker Street Bazar, Portman Square. It was so popular that it was also shown in Hull in 1853.[8][9][10]
Bibliography edit
- F. Parks, Wanderings of a pilgrim in search of the picturesque, during four-and-twenty years in the East with revelations of life in the zenana, 2 vols (London: Pelham Richardson, 1850)
- Begums, Thugs & Englishmen, the journals of Fanny Parkes ed. William Dalrymple (London: Sickle Moon Books, 2002) Kindle edition
- Barbara Eaton: Fanny Parks: Intrepid Memsahib, A Biography of Fanny Parks (1794–1875). An Independent Traveller in 19th Century India (UK: KDP Paperback and Kindle ebook ISBN 9781980329336)
References edit
- ^ Goldsworthy, Joanna (2014). "Fanny Parks Cast Study". East India Company At Home. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
- ^ Parks, Fanny (1850). Wanderings of a Pilgrim in Search of the Picturesque. Vol. 1. P. Richardson. London: Internet Archive. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
- ^ Parks, Fanny (1850). Wanderings of a Pilgrim in Search of the Picturesque. Vol. 2. P. Richardson. London: Internet Archive. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
- ^ Margaret MacMillan (2015). History's People. House of Anansi. ISBN 978-1-4870-0005-9.
- ^ Eaton (2018) (20 July 2018). Fanny Parks: Intrepid Memsahib, Biography of Fanny Parks (1794-1875) An Independent Traveller in 19th Century India. KDP Paperback & Kindle. p. 280. ISBN 978-1980329336.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Eaton (2018) (20 July 2018). Fanny Parks: Intrepid Memsahib, Biography of Fanny Parks (1794-1875) An Independent Traveller in 19th Century India. KDP Paperback & Kindle. p. 280. ISBN 978-1980329336.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Eaton (2018) (20 July 2018). Fanny Parks: Intrepid Memsahib, Biography of Fanny Parks (1794-1875) An Independent Traveller in 19th Century India. KDP Paperback & Kindle. p. 280. ISBN 978-1980329336.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Grand moving diorama of Hindostan, from Fort William, Bengal, to Gangoutri in the Himalaya. Asiatic Gallery, Baker Street. 1851. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
- ^ Finn, Margot; Smith, Kate (2017). East India Company at Home, 1757–1857. UCL Press. ISBN 978-1787350281.
- ^ Parks, Fanny (1851). Grand Moving Diorama of Hindustan, Displaying the Scenery of the Hoogly, the Bhagirathi, and the Ganges, from Fort William, Bengal to Gangoutri, in the Himalaya. London: The Asiatic Gallery, Baker Street Bazar. p. 77.