Epsilonproteobacteria
| Epsilonproteobacteria | |
|---|---|
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| Campylobacter | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Proteobacteria |
| Class: | Epsilonproteobacteria |
| Orders | |
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Epsilonproteobacteria is a class of Proteobacteria.[1] All species of this class are, like all Proteobacteria, gram-negative.
The Epsilonproteobacteria consist of few known genera, mainly the curved to spirilloid Wolinella spp., Helicobacter spp., and Campylobacter spp. Most of the known species inhabit the digestive tract of animals and serve as symbionts (Wolinella spp. in cows) or pathogens (Helicobacter spp. in the stomach, Campylobacter spp. in the duodenum).
There have also been numerous environmental sequences of Epsilonproteobacteria recovered from hydrothermal vents and cold seep habitats. A member of the class Epsilonproteobacteria occurs as an endosymbiont in the large gills of the deep water sea snail Alviniconcha hessleri.[2]
Often the epsilonproteobacteria living in hydrothermal deep sea-vents exhibit chemolithotrophic features, and they are able to meet their energy needs by reducing or oxidixing chemical compounds.[3]
Phylogeny
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) [4] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[5] and the phylogeny is based on 16S rRNA-based LTP release 106 by 'The All-Species Living Tree' Project [6]
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Notes:
♪ Prokaryotes where no pure (axenic) cultures are isolated or available, i. e. not cultivated or can not be sustained in culture for more than a few serial passages
References
- ^ "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=29547. Retrieved 2009-03-19.
- ^ Yohey Suzuki, Takenori Sasaki, Masae Suzuki, Yuichi Nogi, Tetsuya Miwa, Ken Takai, Kenneth H. Nealson & Koki Horikoshi (September 2005) Novel Chemoautotrophic Endosymbiosis between a Member of the Epsilonproteobacteria and the Hydrothermal-Vent Gastropod Alviniconcha aff. hessleri (Gastropoda: Provannidae) from the Indian Ocean. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71(9): 5440-5450.
- ^ Takai, Ken; et al. (2005). "Enzymatic and genetic characterization of carbon and energy metabolisms by deep-sea hydrothermal chemolithoautotrophic isolates of epsilonproteobacteria". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71 (11): 7310–7320. http://aem.asm.org/cgi/reprint/71/11/7310.pdf.
- ^ J.P. Euzéby. "Epsilonproteobacteria". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) [1]. http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/classifphyla.html#Proteobacteria. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
- ^ Sayers et al.. "Epsilonproteobacteria". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database [2]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&id=29547&lvl=4&lin. Retrieved 2011-06-05.
- ^ 'The All-Species Living Tree' Project."16S rRNA-based LTP release 106 (full tree)". Silva Comprehensive Ribosomal RNA Database [3]. http://www.arb-silva.de/fileadmin/silva_databases/living_tree/LTP_release_106/LTPs106_SSU_tree.pdf. Retrieved 2011-11-17.
External links
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