Enterobacter cloacae

Enterobacter cloacae

Enterobacter cloacae on tryptic soy agar.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Proteobacteria
Class:	Gamma Proteobacteria
Order:	Enterobacteriales
Family:	Enterobacteriaceae
Genus:	Enterobacter
Binomial name
*Enterobacter cloacae* (Jordan 1890) Hormaeche and Edwards 1960
Subspecies
E. c. subsp. cloacae E. c. subsp. dissolvens
Synonyms
Bacillus cloacae Jordan 1890 Bacterium cloacae (Jordan 1890) Lehmann and Neumann 1896 Cloaca cloacae (Jordan 1890) Castellani and Chalmers 1919 Aerobacter cloacae (Jordan 1890) Bergey et al. 1923 Aerobacter cloacae (Jordan 1890) Hormaeche and Edwards 1958 Erwinia dissolvens (Rosen 1922) Burkholder 1948 Pseudomonas dissolvens Rosen 1922 Bacterium dissolvens Rosen 1922 Phytomonas dissolvens (Rosen 1922) Rosen 1926 Aplanobacter dissolvens (Rosen 1922) Rosen 1926 Aerobacter dissolvens (Rosen 1922) Waldee 1945 Enterobacter dissolvens (Rosen 1922) Brenner et al. 1988

Enterobacter cloacae is a clinically significant Gram-negative, facultatively-anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium.

Microbiology

BioHazard Level: 1 (level 2 in Canada)
Growth Temperature: 30°C

Appropriate growth media:nutrient agar, nutrient broth

Genomic sources for restriction enzymes (at this website):

Ecl136II, EclHKI, EclXI

Gram Stain: Negative
Respiration:Facultatively anaerobic
Motility: Peritrichous flagella
Taxonomy:

Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacteriales; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacter

Industrial implications:

Enterobacter cloacae has been used in a bioreactor based method for the biodegradation of explosives and in the biological control of plant diseases.

Misc.:

Enterobacter cloacae is a rod-shaped bacterium that is oxidase-negative and catalase-positive.

Clinical significance

Enterobacter cloacae is sometimes associated with urinary tract and respiratory tract infections. Treatment with cefepime and gentamicin has been reported.^[1]

References

^ Barnes BJ, Wiederhold NP, Micek ST, Polish LB, Ritchie DJ (April 2003). "Enterobacter cloacae ventriculitis successfully treated with cefepime and gentamicin: case report and review of the literature". Pharmacotherapy 23 (4): 537–42. doi:10.1592/phco.23.4.537.32126. PMID 12680484.

Infectious diseases · Bacterial diseases: Proteobacterial G− (primarily A00–A79, 001–041, 080–109)

Rickettsiales

Rickettsiaceae/
(Rickettsioses)

Typhus

Rickettsia typhi (Murine typhus) · Rickettsia prowazekii (Epidemic typhus, Brill–Zinsser disease, Flying squirrel typhus)

Spotted
fever

Tick-borne	Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky Mountain spotted fever) · Rickettsia conorii (Boutonneuse fever) · Rickettsia japonica (Japanese spotted fever) · Rickettsia sibirica (North Asian tick typhus) · Rickettsia australis (Queensland tick typhus) · Rickettsia honei (Flinders Island spotted fever) · Rickettsia africae (African tick bite fever) · Rickettsia parkeri (American tick bite fever) · Rickettsia aeschlimannii (Rickettsia aeschlimannii infection)

Mite-borne	Rickettsia akari (Rickettsialpox) · Orientia tsutsugamushi (Scrub typhus)

Flea-borne	Rickettsia felis (Flea-borne spotted fever)

Anaplasmataceae

Ehrlichiosis: Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Human granulocytic anaplasmosis, Anaplasmosis) · Ehrlichia chaffeensis (Human monocytic ehrlichiosis) · Ehrlichia ewingii (Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection)

Rhizobiales

Brucellaceae	Brucella abortus (Brucellosis)

Bartonellaceae	Bartonellosis: Bartonella henselae (Cat scratch disease) · Bartonella quintana (Trench fever) · either henselae or quintana (Bacillary angiomatosis) · Bartonella bacilliformis (Carrion's disease, Verruga peruana)

Neisseriales	M+ Neisseria meningitidis/meningococcus (Meningococcal disease, Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, Meningococcal septicaemia) M- Neisseria gonorrhoeae/gonococcus (Gonorrhea) ungrouped: Eikenella corrodens/Kingella kingae (HACEK) · Chromobacterium violaceum (Chromobacteriosis infection)

Burkholderiales	Burkholderia pseudomallei (Melioidosis) · Burkholderia mallei (Glanders) · Burkholderia cepacia complex · Bordetella pertussis/Bordetella parapertussis (Pertussis)

Enterobacteriales
(OX-)

Lac+

Klebsiella pneumoniae (Rhinoscleroma, Klebsiella pneumonia) · Klebsiella granulomatis (Granuloma inguinale) · Klebsiella oxytoca

Escherichia coli: Enterotoxigenic · Enteroinvasive · Enterohemorrhagic · O157:H7 · O104:H4 (Hemolytic-uremic syndrome)

Enterobacter aerogenes/Enterobacter cloacae

Slow/weak

Serratia marcescens (Serratia infection) · Citrobacter koseri/Citrobacter freundii

Lac-

H2S+	Salmonella enterica (Typhoid fever, Paratyphoid fever, Salmonellosis)

H2S-	Shigella dysenteriae/sonnei/flexneri/boydii (Shigellosis, Bacillary dysentery) · Proteus mirabilis/Proteus vulgaris · Yersinia pestis (Plague/Bubonic plague) · Yersinia enterocolitica · Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Pasteurellales

Haemophilus: H. influenzae (Haemophilus meningitis, Brazilian purpuric fever) · H. ducreyi (Chancroid) H. parainfluenzae (HACEK)

Pasteurella multocida (Pasteurellosis) · Actinobacillus (Actinobacillosis)

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (HACEK)

Legionellales

Legionella pneumophila/Legionella longbeachae (Legionellosis) · Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)

Thiotrichales

Francisella tularensis (Tularemia)

Vibrionales

Vibrio cholerae (Cholera) · Vibrio vulnificus · Vibrio parahaemolyticus · Vibrio alginolyticus · Plesiomonas shigelloides

Pseudomonadales

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas infection) · Moraxella catarrhalis · Acinetobacter baumannii

Xanthomonadales

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Cardiobacteriales

Cardiobacterium hominis (HACEK)

Aeromonadales

Aeromonas hydrophila/Aeromonas veronii (Aeromonas infection)

Campylobacterales	Campylobacter jejuni (Campylobacteriosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome) · Helicobacter pylori (Peptic ulcer, MALT lymphoma) · Helicobacter cinaedi (Helicobacter cellulitis)

M: BAC

bact (clas)

gr+f/gr+a(t)/gr-p(c)/gr-o

drug(J1p, w, n, m, vacc)

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Enterobacter cloacae

Microbiology

Clinical significance

See also

References

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