December 3

December 3 is the 337th day of the year (338th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 28 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 915 – Pope John X crowned Berengar I of Italy as Holy Roman Emperor.
• 1799 – War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Wiesloch, Austrian Lieutenant Field Marshal Sztáray de Nagy-Mihaly defeats the French at Wiesloch.
• 1800 – War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French General Moreau defeats the Austrian Archduke John near Munich decisively, coupled with First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte's victory at Marengo effectively forcing the Austrians to sign an armistice and ending the war.
• 1818 – Illinois becomes the 21st U.S. state.
• 1834 – The Zollverein (German Customs Union) begins the first regular census in Germany.
• 1854 – Eureka Stockade: In what is claimed by many to be the birth of Australian democracy, more than 20 gold miners at Ballarat, Victoria, Australia are killed by state troopers in an uprising over mining licences.
• 1898 – The Duquesne Country and Athletic Club defeated 16–0, an all-star collection of early football players, in what is considered to be the very first all-star game for professional American football.
• 1901 – US President Theodore Roosevelt delivers a 20,000-word speech to the House of Representatives asking the Congress to curb the power of trusts "within reasonable limits".
• 1904 – The Jovian moon Himalia is discovered by Charles Dillon Perrine at California's Lick Observatory.
• 1910 – Modern neon lighting is first demonstrated by Georges Claude at the Paris Motor Show.
• 1912 – Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, and Serbia (the Balkan League) sign an armistice with the Ottoman Empire, ending the two-month long First Balkan War.
• 1919 – After nearly 20 years of planning and construction, including two collapses causing 89 deaths, the Quebec Bridge opens to traffic.
• 1925 – World War I aftermath: The final Locarno Treaty is signed in London, establishing post-war territorial settlements.
• 1927 – Putting Pants on Philip, the first Laurel and Hardy film, is released.
• 1944 – Greek Civil War: Fighting breaks out in Athens between the ELAS and government forces supported by the British Army.
• 1959 – The current flag of Singapore is adopted, six months after Singapore became self-governing within the British Empire.
• 1960 – The musical Camelot debuted at the Majestic Theatre on Broadway, and would become associated with the Kennedy administration.
• 1964 – Berkeley Free Speech Movement: Police arrest over 800 students at the University of California, Berkeley, following their takeover and sit-in at the administration building in protest at the UC Regents' decision to forbid protests on UC property.
• 1967 – At Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, a transplant team headed by Christiaan Barnard carries out the first heart transplant on a human (53-year-old Louis Washkansky).
• 1970 – October Crisis: In Montreal, Quebec, kidnapped British Trade Commissioner James Cross is released by the Front de libération du Québec terrorist group after being held hostage for 60 days. Police negotiate his release and in return the Canadian government grants five terrorists from the FLQ's Chenier Cell their request for safe passage to Cuba.
• 1971 – Indo-Pakistani War of 1971: Pakistan launches a pre-emptive strike against India and a full scale war begins claiming hundreds of lives.
• 1973 – Pioneer program: Pioneer 10 sends back the first close-up images of Jupiter.
• 1976 – An assassination attempt is made on Bob Marley. He is shot twice, but plays a concert two days later.
• 1979 – In Cincinnati, Ohio, 11 fans are suffocated in a crush for seats on the concourse outside Riverfront Coliseum before a Who concert.
• 1979 – Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini becomes the first Supreme Leader of Iran.
• 1982 – A soil sample is taken from Times Beach, Missouri that will be found to contain 300 times the safe level of dioxin.
• 1984 – Bhopal Disaster: A methyl isocyanate leak from a Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, India, kills more than 3,800 people outright and injures 150,000–600,000 others (some 6,000 of whom would later die from their injuries) in one of the worst industrial disasters in history.
• 1989 – Cold War: In a meeting off the coast of Malta, US President George H. W. Bush and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev release statements indicating that the cold war between NATO and The Soviet Union may be coming to an end.
• 1990 – At Detroit Metropolitan Airport, Northwest Airlines Flight 1482 collides with Northwest Airlines Flight 299 on the runway, killing 7 passengers and 1 crew member aboard flight 1482.
• 1992 – UN Security Council Resolution 794 is unanimously passed, approving a coalition of United Nations peacekeepers led by the United States to form UNITAF, with the task of establishing peace and ensuring that humanitarian aid is distributed in Somalia.
• 1992 – The Greek oil tanker Aegean Sea, carrying 80,000 tonnes of crude oil, runs aground in a storm while approaching La Coruña, Spain, and spills much of its cargo.
• 1992 – A test engineer for Sema Group uses a personal computer to send the world's first text message via the Vodafone network to the phone of a colleague.
• 1997 – In Ottawa, Canada, representatives from 121 countries sign The Ottawa treaty prohibiting manufacture and deployment of anti-personnel landmines. The United States, People's Republic of China, and Russia do not sign the treaty, however.
• 1999 – NASA loses radio contact with the Mars Polar Lander moments before the spacecraft enters the Martian atmosphere.
• 1999 – Six firefighters are killed in the Worcester Cold Storage Warehouse fire in Worcester, Massachusetts.
• 2005 – XCOR Aerospace makes first manned rocket aircraft delivery of US Mail in Mojave, California.
• 2007 – Winter storms cause the Chehalis River to flood many cities in Lewis County, Washington, also closing a 20-mile portion of Interstate 5 for several days. At least eight deaths and billions of dollars in damages are blamed on the floods.
• 2009 – A suicide bombing in Mogadishu, Somalia, claims the lives of 25 people, including three ministers of the Transitional Federal Government.
• 2012 – At least 475 people are killed after Typhoon Bopha, makes landfall in the Philippines.

Births

• 1368 – Charles VI of France (d. 1422)
• 1560 – Jan Gruter, Dutch critic and scholar (d. 1627)
• 1596 – Nicola Amati, Italian violin maker (d. 1684)
• 1722 – Hryhorii Skovoroda, Ukrainian philosopher, poet, and composer (d. 1794)
• 1729 – Antonio Soler, Spanish composer (d. 1783)
• 1755 – Gilbert Stuart, American painter (d. 1828)
• 1800 – France Prešeren, Slovenian poet (d. 1849)
• 1826 – George B. McClellan, American general and politician, 24th Governor of New Jersey (d. 1885)
• 1838 – Cleveland Abbe, American meteorologist (d. 1916)
• 1838 – Octavia Hill, English activist (d. 1912)
• 1842 – Phoebe Hearst, American philanthropist and activist (d. 1919)
• 1842 – Charles Alfred Pillsbury, American businessman, founded the Pillsbury Company (d. 1899)
• 1842 – Ellen Swallow Richards, American chemist (d. 1911)
• 1857 – Joseph Conrad, Polish-English author (d. 1924)
• 1864 – Herman Heijermans, Dutch author (d. 1924)
• 1872 – William Haselden, English cartoonist (d. 1953)
• 1875 – Émile Delchambre, French rower (d. 1958)
• 1875 – Max Meldrum, Scottish-Australian painter (d. 1955)
• 1878 – Francis A. Nixon, American businessman (d. 1956)
• 1879 – Albert Asher, New Zealand rugby player (d. 1965)
• 1879 – Charles Hutchison, American actor, director and screenwriter (d. 1949)
• 1879 – Kafū Nagai, Japanese author and playwright (d. 1959)
• 1879 – Donald Matheson Sutherland, Canadian physician and politician (d. 1970)
• 1880 – Fedor von Bock, German field marshal (d. 1945)
• 1880 – Alexander Hall, Canadian soccer player (d. 1943)
• 1883 – Anton Webern, Austrian composer (d. 1945)
• 1884 – Rajendra Prasad, Indian politician, 1st President of India (d. 1963)
• 1884 – Walther Stampfli, Swiss politician (d. 1965)
• 1886 – Manne Siegbahn, Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1978)
• 1887 – Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni, Japanese politician, 43rd Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1990)
• 1888 – Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog, Polish-Irish rabbi (d. 1959)
• 1889 – Khudiram Bose, Indian activist (d. 1908)
• 1891 – Thomas Farrell, Deputy Commanding General and Chief of Field Operations of the Manhattan Project (d. 1967)
• 1894 – Deiva Zivarattinam, Indian lawyer and politician (d. 1975)
• 1895 – Anna Freud, Austrian-English psychoanalyst (d. 1982)
• 1899 – Hayato Ikeda, Japanese politician, 58th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1965)
• 1900 – Ulrich Inderbinen, Swiss mountaineer (d. 2004)
• 1900 – Richard Kuhn, Austrian-German biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1967)
• 1902 – Mitsuo Fuchida, Japanese captain (d. 1976)
• 1902 – Feliks Kibbermann, Estonian chess player and philologist (d. 1993)
• 1908 – Edward Underdown, English actor (d. 1989)
• 1911 – Nino Rota, Italian composer (d. 1979)
• 1918 – Abdul Haris Nasution, Indonesian general (d. 2000)
• 1921 – Phyllis Curtin, American soprano
• 1922 – Sven Nykvist, Swedish cinematographer (d. 2006)
• 1923 – Dede Allen, American film editor (d. 2010)
• 1923 – Stjepan Bobek, Yugoslav footballer and manager (d. 2010)
• 1923 – Moyra Fraser, Australian-English actress and dancer (d. 2009)
• 1924 – Wiel Coerver, Dutch football manager (d. 2011)
• 1924 – F. Sionil José, Filipino author
• 1924 – Roberto Mieres, Argentine race car driver (d. 2012)
• 1924 – John Winter, Australian high jumper (d. 2007)
• 1925 – Kim Dae-jung, South Korean politician, 8th President of South Korea Nobel laureate (d. 2009)
• 1925 – Ferlin Husky, American singer (d. 2011)
• 1927 – Andy Williams, American singer and actor (The Williams Brothers) (d. 2012)
• 1928 – Thomas M. Foglietta, American politician and diplomat (d. 2004)
• 1930 – Jean-Luc Godard, French-Swiss director and screenwriter
• 1931 – Franz Josef Degenhardt, German author
• 1931 – Jaye P. Morgan, American singer and actress
• 1932 – Corry Brokken, Dutch singer
• 1933 – Paul J. Crutzen, Dutch chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1934 – Nicolas Coster, American actor
• 1934 – Viktor Gorbatko, Soviet astronaut
• 1934 – Abimael Guzmán, Peruvian activist
• 1935 – Eddie Bernice Johnson, American politician
• 1937 – Bobby Allison, American race car driver
• 1937 – Morgan Llywelyn, American-Irish author
• 1937 – Binod Bihari Verma, Indian doctor and author (d. 2003)
• 1938 – Jean-Claude Malépart, Canadian politician (d. 1989)
• 1940 – Jeffrey R. Holland, American educator and religious leader
• 1942 – Alice Schwarzer, German journalist, founded EMMA Magazine
• 1943 – J. Philippe Rushton, Canadian academic and theorist (d. 2012)
• 1945 – Paul Nicholas English actor and singer
• 1946 – Joop Zoetemelk, Dutch cyclist
• 1947 – Patricia Krenwinkel, American murderer
• 1948 – Jan Hrubý, Czech violinist and songwriter (Framus Five and Etc...)
• 1948 – Ozzy Osbourne, English singer-songwriter and actor (Black Sabbath)
• 1949 – John Akii-Bua, Ugandan hurdler (d. 1997)
• 1949 – Heather Menzies, American actress
• 1949 – Mickey Thomas, American singer-songwriter (Jefferson Starship)
• 1950 – Alberto Juantorena, Cuban runner
• 1951 – Mike Bantom, American basketball player
• 1951 – Ray Candy, American wrestler (d. 1994)
• 1951 – Riki Chōshū, South Korean-Japanese wrestler
• 1951 – Rick Mears, American race car driver
• 1951 – Greg Rice, American actor
• 1951 – John Rice, American actor (d. 2005)
• 1951 – Nicky Stevens, Welsh singer (Brotherhood of Man)
• 1952 – Don Barnes, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (38 Special)
• 1952 – Benny Hinn, American evangelist and author
• 1952 – Mel Smith, English comedian, actor, director, and producer
• 1953 – Franz Klammer, Austrian skier
• 1953 – Lothar Schneider, German footballer
• 1954 – Grace Andreacchi, American author
• 1955 – Steven Culp, American actor
• 1955 – Warren Jeffs, American religious leader
• 1957 – Valerie Quennessen, French actress (d. 1989)
• 1959 – Eamonn Holmes, Irish journalist
• 1960 – Daryl Hannah, American actress
• 1960 – Igor Larionov, Russian ice hockey player
• 1960 – Julianne Moore, American actress
• 1960 – Mike Ramsey, American ice hockey player
• 1961 – Adal Ramones, Mexican comedian and actor
• 1963 – Joe Lally, American singer-songwriter and bass player (Fugazi and Ataxia)
• 1963 – Terri Schiavo, American right to die patient (d. 2005)
• 1965 – Steve Harris, American actor
• 1965 – Andrew Stanton, American director, screenwriter, producer, and voice actor
• 1965 – Katarina Witt, German figure skater
• 1966 – Monic Hendrickx, Dutch actress
• 1966 – Flemming Povlsen, Danish footballer
• 1968 – Brendan Fraser, Canadian-American actor
• 1968 – Montell Jordan, American singer-songwriter and producer
• 1969 – Bill Steer, English guitarist and songwriter (Carcass, Firebird, Angel Witch, and Gentlemans Pistols)
• 1970 – Paul Byrd, American baseball player
• 1970 – Lindsey Hunter, American basketball player
• 1970 – Christian Karembeu, French footballer
• 1970 – Lu Parker, American journalist, Miss USA 1994
• 1971 – Ola Rapace, Swedish actor
• 1971 – Frank Sinclair, Jamaican footballer
• 1971 – Henk Timmer, Dutch footballer
• 1971 – Keegan Connor Tracy, Canadian actress
• 1971 – Vernon White, American mixed martial artist
• 1972 – Bucky Lasek, American skateboarder
• 1973 – Holly Marie Combs, American actress
• 1973 – Super Crazy, Mexican wrestler
• 1973 – MC Frontalot, American rapper
• 1973 – Sammy Leung, Hong Kong singer and actor
• 1975 – Mickey Avalon, American rapper
• 1975 – Malinda Williams, American actress
• 1976 – Mark Boucher, South African cricketer
• 1976 – Silvia Fontana, Italian figure skater
• 1976 – Gary Glover, American baseball player
• 1976 – Cornelius Griffin, American football player
• 1976 – Byron Kelleher, New Zealand rugby player
• 1976 – Todd Smith, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Dog Fashion Disco, Polkadot Cadaver, The Alter Boys, and Knives Out!)
• 1977 – Chad Durbin, American baseball player
• 1977 – Troy Evans, American football player
• 1977 – Adam Małysz, Polish ski jumper
• 1978 – Trina, American rapper
• 1978 – Daniel Alexandersson, Swedish footballer
• 1978 – Jiří Bicek, Slovak ice hockey player
• 1978 – Bram Tankink, Dutch cyclist
• 1979 – Daniel Bedingfield, English singer-songwriter
• 1979 – Rock Cartwright, American football player
• 1979 – Tiffany Haddish, American actress and dancer
• 1979 – Rainbow Sun Francks, Canadian actor
• 1979 – Sean Parker, American businessman, co-founded Napster
• 1980 – Anna Chlumsky, American actress
• 1980 – Jenna Dewan, American actress
• 1980 – Zlata Filipović, Bosnian author
• 1980 – Laryea Kingston, Ghanaian football player
• 1980 – Jim Sorgi, American football player
• 1981 – Ioannis Amanatidis, Greek footballer
• 1981 – Brian Bonsall, American actor
• 1981 – Tyjuan Hagler, American football player
• 1981 – Liza Lapira, American actress
• 1981 – Louise Roe, English model and journalist
• 1981 – Edwin Valero, Venezuelan boxer (d. 2010)
• 1981 – David Villa, Spanish footballer
• 1982 – Jaycee Chan, Hong Kong actor and singer
• 1982 – Manny Corpas, Panamanian baseball player
• 1982 – Michael Essien, Ghanaian footballer
• 1982 – Franco Sbaraglini, Argentine-Italian rugby player
• 1983 – Stephen Donald, New Zealand rugby player
• 1983 – Sherri DuPree, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (Eisley)
• 1983 – James Ihedigbo, American football player
• 1984 – Hind Laroussi, Dutch singer
• 1984 – Avraam Papadopoulos, Greek footballer
• 1985 – László Cseh, Hungarian swimmer
• 1985 – Mike Randolph, American footballer
• 1985 – Sıla Şahin, German actress
• 1985 – Amanda Seyfried, American actress and singer
• 1985 – Robert Swift, American basketball player
• 1985 – Marcus Williams, American basketball player
• 1986 – James Laurinaitis, American football player
• 1986 – Radek Smoleňák, Czech ice hockey player
• 1986 – Josh Vaughan, American football player
• 1987 – Michael Angarano, American actor
• 1987 – Brian Robiskie, American football player
• 1987 – Alicia Sacramone, American gymnast
• 1989 – Selçuk Alibaz, Turkish footballer
• 1991 – Ekaterine Gorgodze, Georgian tennis player
• 1992 – Joseph McManners, English singer-songwriter and actor
• 1994 – Jake T. Austin, American actor
• 2005 – Prince Sverre Magnus of Norway

Deaths

• 311 – Diocletian, Roman emperor (b. 244)
• 1154 – Pope Anastasius IV (b. 1073)
• 1265 – Odofredus, Italian jurist
• 1533 – Vasili III of Russia (b. 1479)
• 1552 – Francis Xavier, Spanish missionary and saint (b. 1506)
• 1610 – Honda Tadakatsu, Japanese general (b. 1548)
• 1706 – Countess Emilie Juliane of Barby-Mühlingen (b. 1637)
• 1765 – Lord John Sackville, English cricketer (b. 1713)
• 1789 – Claude Joseph Vernet, French painter (b. 1714)
• 1815 – John Carroll, American archbishop (b. 1735)
• 1845 – Gregor MacGregor, Scottish soldier (b. 1786)
• 1882 – Archibald Tait, English archbishop (b. 1811)
• 1888 – Carl Zeiss, German lens maker (b. 1816)
• 1890 – Billy Midwinter, Australian cricketer (b. 1851)
• 1892 – Afanasy Fet, Russian poet (b. 1820)
• 1894 – Robert Louis Stevenson, Scottish author and poet (b. 1850)
• 1902 – Robert Lawson, New Zealand architect, designed the Otago Boys' High School and Knox Church (b. 1833)
• 1904 – David Bratton, American water polo player (b. 1869)
• 1910 – Mary Baker Eddy, American founder of the Christian Science (b. 1821)
• 1912 – Prudente de Morais, Brazilian politician, 3rd President of Brazil (b. 1841)
• 1917 – Harold Garnett, English cricketer (b. 1879)
• 1919 – Pierre-Auguste Renoir, French painter (b. 1841)
• 1928 – Ezra Meeker, American businessman (b. 1830)
• 1934 – Charles James O'Donnell, Irish politician (b. 1849)
• 1935 – Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom (b. 1868)
• 1939 – Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll (b. 1848)
• 1941 – Pavel Filonov, Russian painter (b. 1883)
• 1949 – Maria Ouspenskaya, Russian-American actress (b. 1876)
• 1952 – Rudolf Margolius, Czech politician (b. 1913)
• 1955 – Cow Cow Davenport, American pianist (b. 1894)
• 1956 – Alexandr Rodchenko, Russian painter and photographer (b. 1891)
• 1956 – Manik Bandopadhyay, Indian-Bengali author (b. 1908)
• 1967 – Harry Wismer, American broadcaster (b. 1913)
• 1969 – Mathias Wieman, German actor (b. 1902)
• 1972 – William Manuel Johnson, American bassist (b. 1872)
• 1973 – Emile Christian, American trombone player and composer (b. 1895)
• 1973 – Bea Miles, Australian writer (b. 1902)
• 1979 – Dhyan Chand, Indian field hockey player (b. 1905)
• 1980 – Oswald Mosley, English politician (b. 1896)
• 1981 – Walter Knott, American farmer, founded Knott's Berry Farm (b. 1889)
• 1984 – Vladimir Rokhlin, Soviet mathematician (b. 1919)
• 1989 – Fernando Martin Espina, Spanish basketball player (b. 1962)
• 1989 – Connie B. Gay American businessman, founded the Country Music Association (b. 1914)
• 1993 – Lewis Thomas, American physician (b. 1913)
• 1994 – Michael Dacher, German mountaineer (b. 1933)
• 1994 – Elizabeth Glaser, American activist (b. 1947)
• 1995 – Jimmy Jewel, English actor (b. 1909)
• 1995 – Gerard John Schaefer, American serial killer (b. 1946)
• 1996 – Georges Duby, French historian (b. 1919)
• 1998 – Pierre Hétu, Canadian conductor and pianist (b. 1936)
• 1999 – Scatman John, American singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1942)
• 1999 – Madeline Kahn, American actress (b. 1942)
• 1999 – Jarl Wahlström, Finnish 12th General of The Salvation Army (b. 1918)
• 2000 – Gwendolyn Brooks, American poet (b. 1917)
• 2000 – Hoyt Curtin, American composer and producer (b. 1922)
• 2002 – Glenn Quinn, Irish actor (b. 1970)
• 2003 – David Hemmings, English actor (b. 1941)
• 2004 – Shiing-Shen Chern, Chinese mathematician (b. 1911)
• 2005 – Frederick Ashworth, American navy officer and weaponeer on the B-29 Bockscar (b. 1912)
• 2005 – Herb Moford, American baseball player (b. 1928)
• 2006 – Logan Whitehurst, American drummer (The Velvet Teen) (b. 1977)
• 2007 – James Kemsley, Australian cartoonist and actor (b. 1948)
• 2008 – Robert Zajonc, Polish-American psychologist (b. 1923)
• 2009 – Leila Lopes, Brazilian actress (b. 1959)
• 2009 – Richard Todd, Irish-English soldier and actor (b. 1919)
• 2010 – Abdumalik Bahori, soviet poet and author (b.1927)
• 2011 – Dev Anand, Indian actor, director, and producer (b. 1923)
• 2012 – Jules Mikhael Al-Jamil, Iraqi-Lebanese archbishop (b. 1938)
• 2012 – Leo Rajendram Antony, Sri Lankan bishop (b. 1927)
• 2012 – Tommy Berggren, Swedish footballer (b. 1950)
• 2012 – Kuntal Chandra, Bangladeshi cricketer (b. 1984)
• 2012 – Fyodor Khitruk, Russian animator and director (b. 1917)
• 2012 – M. Mahroof, Sri Lankan politician (b. 1950)
• 2012 – Geoffrey Shakerley, English photographer (b. 1932)
• 2012 – Janet Shaw, Australian cyclist and author (b. 1966)

Holidays and observances

• Advocate's Day (India)
• Christian Feast Day:
  • Birinus
  • Francis Xavier (Roman Catholic Church and Anglicanism)
• United Nations' International Day of Persons with Disabilities (International)
• National Day (Saba)
• Basque language day (Basque culture world)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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