Danishmend Gazi (Persian: دانشمند غازی), Danishmend Taylu, or Dānishmend Aḥmed Gāzī (died 1085), was the muslim Armenian [2]general of the Seljuks and later founder of the beylik of Danishmends.[1] After the Turkic people advanced into Anatolia following the Battle of Manzikert, his dynasty controlled the north-central regions in Anatolia.
| Danishmend Gazi | |
|---|---|
| Bey Emir Gazi | |
| Melik of the Danishmends | |
| Reign | 1071/1075 – 1085 |
| Predecessor | Position established |
| Successor | Gazi Gümüshtigin |
| Died | 1085[1] Cappadocia (modern-day Turkey) |
| Father | Ali Taylu al-Türkmānī |
| Religion | Islam |
Life edit
The defeat of the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert and the subsequent civil war allowed the Turks, including forces loyal to Danishmend Gazi, to occupy nearly all of Anatolia. Danishmend Gazi and his forces took as their lands central Anatolia, conquering the cities of Neocaesarea, Tokat, Sivas, and Euchaita from the Byzantine Empire.
According to Michael the Syrian, he ruled Cappadocia in 1085, and most likely died the same year.[1] However, Amin Maalouf claims in The Crusades Through Arab Eyes that Danishmend Gazi answered the call of Kilij Arslan to defend Asia Minor from incursions by Christian forces during the First Crusade in 1097.[3] He was succeeded by his son Gazi Gümüshtigin.
Legend edit
Danishmend Gazi is the central figure in the Danishmendnâme ("Tale of Danishmend"), a 13th-century Turkish-language epic romance. In this allegory, events from the life of Danishmend Gazi are blended with the legendary exploits of the 8th-century Arab warrior Sayyid Battal Gazi and of the Persian hero Abu Muslim of the early Abbasid period.[4]
The legends that comprise Danishmendnâme were compiled from Turkish oral tradition for the first time by order of the Seljuk Sultan Kayqubad I, a century after Danishmend's death. The final form that has reached our day is a compendium that was put together under the instructions of the early 15th century Ottoman sultan Murad II.[citation needed]
Name edit
There is also some confusion concerning his name and a measure of divergence among scholars regarding the names used for him. He had the same name as his son, Gümüştekin. The father is often referred to shortly as Danishmend Gazi, while his son is called Gazi Gümüştekin. Furthermore, the Danishmend dynasty is also cited as having a family tie to the Seljuk dynasty. He was the maternal uncle to the Seljuk ruler Suleiman ibn Qutulmish.[5][1]
Notes edit
- ^ a b c d ABDÜLKERİM ÖZAYDIN (1988–2016). "DÂNİŞMEND GAZİ (ö. 477/1085 [?]) Dânişmendli hânedanının kurucusu ve ilk hükümdarı (1071-1085).". TDV Encyclopedia of Islam (44+2 vols.) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, Centre for Islamic Studies.
- ^ Baumer, Christoph (2024). History of the Caucasus: In the Shadows of Great Powers. London ; New York: I. B. Tauris. pp. 50, 55. ISBN 978-1-78831-007-9. OCLC 1259549144.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Maalouf, Amin (1984). The crusades through Arab eyes. Internet Archive. New York : Schocken Books. pp. 14–15. ISBN 978-0-8052-0898-6.
- ^ Maalouf, Amin (1984). The crusades through Arab eyes. Internet Archive. New York : Schocken Books. pp. 10–11. ISBN 978-0-8052-0898-6.
- ^ Yazici 1993, pp. 654–655.
References edit
- Baumer, Christoph (2024): History of the Caucasus: In the Shadow of Great Powers. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-0-7556-3628-0.
- (limited preview) Clifford Edmund Bosworth (2004). The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-2137-8.
- Irene Melikoff (1960): Danishmendname La Geste de Melik Danishmend, translation and introduction to a Turkish epic of the 13th century
- Yazici, Tahsin (1993). "DĀNEŠMAND". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VI, Fasc. 6. pp. 654–655.