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Craig Ellwood (April 22, 1922 – May 30, 1992) was an influential Los Angeles–based modernist architect whose career spanned the early 1950s through the mid-1970s. Although untrained as an architect, Ellwood fashioned a persona and career through equal parts of a talent for good design, self-promotion and ambition. He was recognized professionally for fusing of the formalism of Mies van der Rohe with the informal style of California modernism.[1]
Craig Ellwood | |
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| Born | Jon Nelson Burke April 22, 1922 Clarendon, Texas, U.S. |
| Died | May 30, 1992 (aged 70) Pergine Valdarno, Italy |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Architect |
| Spouse(s) | Faith Irene Walker Gloria Henry Anita Eubank |
| Partner | Leslie Hyland |
| Children | Jeffrey, Erin, Adam (with Gloria McIniry Henry) Caitlin Emily Ellwood (with Leslie Hyland) |
| Practice | Craig Ellwood Design (established 1949) unlicensed architect |
| Buildings | 1953 Case Study House 16, Bel Air, California, (1952-53) Case Study House 17B (Hoffman House), Beverly Hills, California, (1954–56) Case Study House 18 (Fields House), Beverly Hills, California, (1955–58) Kubly House, Pasadena, California, (1965) |
| Design | The Milton Lappin House, Cheviot Hills, Los Angeles, California (1948) The Epstein House, Los Angeles CA (1949) The Meyer House, Los Angeles CA (1950) |
Early years edit
Ellwood was born Jon Nelson Burke in Clarendon, Texas. Along with many others in the 1920s, Ellwood's family moved west, following U.S. Route 66, finally settling in Los Angeles in 1937. There, Ellwood, as Johnnie Burke, attended Belmont High School, where he was class president before graduating in 1940. In 1942, Ellwood and his brother Cleve both joined the U.S. Army Air Corps. Ellwood served as a B-24 radio operator, based with Cleve in Victorville, California, until his discharge in 1946.[2]
Career edit
After his discharge from the Army, Burke returned to Los Angeles and set up a company with his brother Cleve and two friends from the war, the Marzicola brothers, one of whom had a contractor's license. The four men called their firm 'Craig Ellwood' after a liquor store called Lords and Elwood located in front of their offices.[3] Burke later legally changed his name to Ellwood.[2]
In 1948, he joined the firm Lamport Cofer Salzman (L.C.S.) as a construction cost estimator, having acquired this skill during his work for the Craig Ellwood Company.[4] Ellwood also studied structural engineering through UCLA extension night school for five years. He became increasingly involved in design and architecture, resulting in Ellwood's first commissions, all for residences.[2]
Ellwood established 'Craig Ellwood Design' in 1951. There, Ellwood would provide the commissions and the vision, and it was up to USC-trained architect Robert Theron 'Pete' Peters, and later others, to provide the technical realization, drawings and the required sign-off of a licensed architect. Early projects included Case Study House 16 in 1952. The designs were well received by both the trade and potential clients, often receiving favorable coverage in influential publications like John Entenza's Arts & Architecture, often arranged for by Ellwood personally. Thus the firm received a growing stream of both residential and commercial commissions, and Ellwood's style matured to fully embrace the concepts put forth by International Style architects, particularly Mies van der Rohe.[2]
By the late-1950s, though not a licensed architect, Ellwood was nonetheless a sought-after university lecturer, eventually giving a series of talks at Yale University, and teaching at the University of Southern California and California State Polytechnic University, Pomona's Department of Architecture.[5]
Though Ellwood's office expanded with the size and number of his commissions, it was never a particularly profitable enterprise. It continued through the mid-1970s, with several notable projects, including the master plan for the Rand Corporation's headquarters in Santa Monica, California, a number of Xerox and IBM offices, and the trademark "bridge building" dramatically spanning an arroyo and a roadway at Art Center College of Design in Pasadena.[6]
As published in the 1976, the Art Center building is recognized as the work of Craig Ellwood Associates, with James Tyler as design architect and Stephen Woolley as project architect. Some sources have sought to re-credit this building solely to Tyler, who had worked for John Sugden (a former associate of Mies) and was the architect of the Art Center addition, completed in 1991. The practice closed in 1977 and Ellwood retired to Italy to focus on painting and on restoring a farm house near Ambra.
Personal life edit
Elwood's first wife was Faith Irene Walker, known as "Bobbie". In 1949 he married actress Gloria Henry. They had three children, including designer Erin Ellwood,[7][8] and divorced in 1977. He then married Anita Eubank and moved to Pergine Valdarno, Italy. After his divorce from Eubank, he and his fourth wife, Leslie Hyland Ellwood, had a daughter.[9]
Death edit
Ellwood died on May 30, 1992, in Pergine Valdarno; he was 70 years old.[10]
Significant projects edit
- Lappin House, Cheviot Hills, Los Angeles, California, 1948 [11]
- Hale House, Beverly Hills, California, 1949 [citation needed]
- The New Case Study House 16 (Salzman House), Bel Air, California, 1951–53[12]
- Courtyard Apartments, Hollywood, California, 1952–53 [citation needed]
- Case Study House 17B (Hoffman House), Beverly Hills, California, 1954–56[13]
- Case Study House 18 (Fields House), Beverly Hills, California, 1955–58[14]
- Smith House, Los Angeles, California, 1955[15]
- Hunt House, Malibu, California, 1955 [citation needed]
- South Bay Bank, Los Angeles, California, 1956 [citation needed]
- Carson-Roberts Office Building, West Hollywood, California, 1958–60 [citation needed]
- Daphne House, Hillsborough, California, 1960–61 [citation needed]
- Scientific Data Systems, various buildings and offices, El Segundo and Pomona, California, 1966–69 [citation needed]
- Max Palevsky House, Palm Springs, California, 1968[16]
- Charles and Gerry Bobertz Residence, San Diego, California, 1953[17]
- Art Center College of Design (Hillside Campus), Pasadena, California, 1976 [citation needed]
- Kubly House, Pasadena, CA, 1965. Built for President of Art Center College of Design, Don and Sally Kubly.
Bibliography edit
- Craig Ellwood Paintings, published by Converso Gallery, 2004, essay by Jeffrey Head
- "What Does Post-Modernism Mean to You?" L.A. Architect, March 1976.
References edit
- ^ California Modern, the Architecture of Craig Ellwood, by Neil Jackson
- ^ a b c d "Craig Ellwood". Los Angeles Conservancy. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
- ^ Foster, R. Daniel (2019-12-20). "A rare Case Study jewel sells amid Bel-Air's mansions". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 2019-12-20. Retrieved 2019-12-20.
- ^ Davies, Paul (June 2012). "Craig Ellwood (1922-1992)". Architectural Review. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
- ^ "Craig Ellwood - by Neil Jackson :: Books at arcspace.com". Archived from the original on 2011-05-06. Retrieved 2010-03-14.
- ^ "Craig Ellwood Art Center College of Design 1974–1976". Atlas of Places. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
- ^ "About".
- ^ Boone, Lisa (2006-07-20). "This time, the set is her own". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2020-02-23.
- ^ "Jon Nelson (Jonny) Burke, aka Craig Ellwood (1922-1992)". ncmodernist.org. US Modernist Masters Gallery. Archived from the original on August 1, 2018. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
- ^ "Craig Ellwood, 70, An Architect, Is Dead", New York Times, June 12, 1992.
- ^ "Craig Ellwood, Architect - Mid Century Modern Homes | Hollywood Hills Sunset Strip Real Estate". Archived from the original on 2016-04-11. Retrieved 2016-04-02.
- ^ "The New Case Study House #16, by Craig Ellwood, designer" (PDF). Arts and Architecture. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
- ^ "Case study house #17, by Craig Ellwood" (PDF). Arts and Architecture. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
- ^ "Case study house #18, by Craig Ellwood" (PDF). Arts and Architecture. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
- ^ Mandell, Lisa Johnson (Mar 7, 2017). "Craig Ellwood's Smith House: A Midcentury Modern Icon in Brentwood". Realtor.com.
- ^ "Max Palevsky House". Pacific Coast Architecture Database.
- ^ "Bobertz Residence". Dwell Magazine.