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Citizens for a Canadian Republic (French: Citoyens pour une République Canadienne) (CCR) is a Canadian advocacy group founded in 2002 that advocates for the replacement of the Canadian monarchy with a head of state who could either be chosen directly through a general election, indirectly by the Parliament of Canada, the Legislative assemblies of Canadian provinces and territories, or some other electoral body.[1][2][3]
 | |
| Founded | 2002 |
|---|---|
| Focus | Canadian republicanism |
| Location | |
Area served | Canada |
Key people | Tom Freda, National Director Pierre L. J. Vincent, Associate Director Jamie Bradley, Associate Director |
| Website | www.canadian-republic.ca |
CCR favours the retention of the Westminster-style parliament, with the prime minister as head of government, in a parliamentary republic similar to Ireland or India. It does not endorse any particular selection process, other than it should be democratic.[4] The organization's general objective is "to promote replacing the British monarch as our head of state with a resident, democratically-selected Canadian. "[5][6]
History edit
Founding edit
Citizens for a Canadian Republic was formed in 2002 "in an effort to provide balance in the debate over whether or not Canada should remain a constitutional monarchy"[7] and to advocate for the "Canadianization" of the head of state.[8] It remains the only formal organization devoted to the establishment of a Canadian republic.[9]
O'Donohue v. Canada edit
That same year, CCR became involved in O'Donohue v. Canada,[10] a lawsuit filed by one of its members, Tony O'Donohue. This suit challenged the constitutionality of certain provisions of the Act of Settlement, 1701, one of the laws governing succession to the Canadian throne, which disallows the sovereign from either being or being married to a Roman Catholic. O'Donohue argued that it thus violates the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.[11] The case was dismissed in 2003, a ruling that was upheld in 2005, part of the rationale behind the decision being that, as the Act of Settlement is a constitutional document on equal-footing with the Charter, it could not be pre-empted by the Charter.[12]
Oath of Allegiance edit
The co-founder of CCR, Pierre L. J. Vincent, became a republican activist in 1998 when he objected to taking the Oath of Allegiance, then required by law for all Canadian public servants beginning employment within the Civil Service. His refusal, partly based on his Acadian ancestry, sparked a publicized three-year legal battle involving the Government of Canada's Public Service Commission.[13]
In 2001, the commission ruled that he could keep his job, a legal precedent that was later applied to a similar oath refusal. Both cases are recognized as being a major impetus for the 2003 Public Service Modernization Act, which ended the requirement for Government of Canada civil servants to swear an oath to the Queen as of December 31, 2005.
In 2007, former CCR member Charles Roach filed suit in opposition to the requirement of new citizens to swear an oath to the Queen. The case was on May 17, 2007, allowed to proceed,[14][15] but has since been dismissed by the Ontario Superior Court of Justice.[16]
Organization and structure edit
CCR's national director and principal anglophone spokesperson is Tom Freda. Associate director and principal francophone and Western Canada spokesperson is Pierre L. J. Vincent. Associate Director Jamie Bradley is the principal Atlantic Canada spokesperson. Other prominent members of the group's Advisory Committee include Christopher Moore and Brigadier-General James S. Cox.
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "FAQ". Citizens for a Canadian Republic. Retrieved May 22, 2022.
- ^ Patmore, Glenn, "Choosing the Republic: The Legal and Constitutional Steps in Australia and Canada." Queen's Law Journal, Vol. 31, 2006; U of Melbourne Legal Studies Research Paper No. 169. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=931329
- ^ Cross, William (2007). Democratic Reform in New Brunswick. Toronto: Canadian Scholars' Press. p. 217. ISBN 978-1-55130-326-0.
- ^ "Frequently Asked Questions: What is a republic?". Citizens for a Canadian Republic. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- ^ "Citizens for a Canadian Republic / Goals". Canadian-republic.ca. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
- ^ Anderson, Laura. "Gendered and Racialized Portrayals of the Governor General: Newspaper Coverage of Canada's Head of State." Prepared for Presentation at the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Political Science. Association, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. May 30 – June 1, 2007" (PDF).
- ^ Citizens for a Canadian Republic: Press Release: 4-10-02
- ^ Kimberly Fu, "Long Ditch the Queen: Anti and pro monarchist movements spark debate," sceneandheard.ca Vol. 08 Issue 07 http://www.sceneandheard.ca/article.php?id=1692&morgue=1 Archived November 27, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Hyung Gu Lynn. Bipolar Orders: The Two Koreas Since 1989. London: Zed Books, 2007, p.10. ISBN 1-84277-743-2
- ^ Humphreys, Adrian (September 25, 2002). "Anti-monarchy group joins Catholic's fight: Citizens for a republic: Lawsuit challenges act limiting succession to Protestant line". National Post.
- ^ O'Neill, Juliet (October 2, 2002). "The fight for the Republic of Canada". The Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on August 8, 2009. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
- ^ O’Donohue v. Canada, 2003 CanLII 41404 (ON S.C.) Archived June 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Worker pledges legal fight over oath to Queen". CBC News Online. Archived from the original on July 2, 2001. Retrieved July 15, 2021.
- ^ "Lawyer allowed to challenge citizenship oath". CBC News. May 18, 2007.
- ^ Gombu, Phinjo (May 18, 2007). "Lawyer cleared to challenge loyalty oath to the Queen". Toronto Star.
- ^ "Roach v. Canada, 2008 ONCA 124". CanLII.