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Cecily Jordan Farrar

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Cecily Jordan Farrar was one of the earlier women settlers of colonial Jamestown, Virginia. She arrived in the colony as a child in 1610 and was established as one of the few female ancient planters by 1620. After her husband Samuel Jordan died in 1623, Cecily obtained oversight of his 450-acre plantation, Jordan's Journey. In the Jamestown Muster of 1624-1625, she is one of fewer than 10 women who are mentioned as a head of household, and the only woman listed as sharing the head of household with a man she was not married to. In the year of Samuel Jordan's death, she set off the first breach of promise lawsuit in English North America when she chose the marriage proposal of William Farrar, who was bonded to help settle her estate, over that of Greville Pooley, who claimed his proposal had already been accepted. In 1625, Cecily prevailed when Pooley withdrew his claim. Afterward, she married William Farrar.

Cecily Jordan Farrar
Bornc. 1600
England
Diedafter 1631
Colony of Virginia
SpousesSamuel Jordan, William Farrar

The early years in the Virginia Colony edit

 
Sidney King's painting of tobacco farming illustrates the activity that made plantations like Jordan's Journey successful.

Nothing is known of Cecily's life and background before she came to the New World. She was among the earlier women to arrive in Jamestown, Virginia.[1] When Cecily arrived onboard Swan in August 1611,[2] she was around 10 years old[note 1] and one of 20 women among the 260 passengers.[4]: 156  Her arrival was part of a series of transports that were intended to replenish Jamestown's population.[5]: 33–35  During the previous year's Starving Time, Jamestown had been reduced to only 60 people, and was saved from abandonment by the last-minute arrival of an earlier transport in June 1610 led by Lord De La Warr.[6]

Cecily's first years in the colony were during the first Anglo-Powhatan war, which resulted in the deaths of over 400 settlers and Powhatan people and only ended with John Rolfe's marriage to Pocahantas in 1614.[7] In 1618, the Great Charter enacted by the Virginia Company as instructions to Virginia's Governor George Yeardley established a grant for colonists who had lived in Virginia for at least three years and had paid their way to the colony through their own money or working off their debt for being transported.[8]: 98–109  The instructions called these colonists ancient planters, and each received a grant of 100 acres of land as their dividend for investing in the Virginia Company. She is identified as an ancient planter in a 1620 patent[9] and was one of the very few women that received this grant.[note 2]

Marriage to Samuel Jordan edit

 
Virginia Historical Highway Marker of Jordan's Journey, where Cecily was a head of household.

By 1620, Cecily had married Samuel Jordan and was living at Jordan's Journey,[9] a 450 acre plantation on the James River. A year later, she gave birth to their daughter Mary.[3] Cecily and her family survived the Powhatan surprise attack in 1622 that initiated the Second Anglo-Powhatan War. Although nearly a third of all the colonists in Virginia were killed in this surprise attack, nobody was listed as among the slain at Jordan's Journey.[8]: 565–571  After the attack, Jordan's Journey provided a safe haven for survivors whose plantations were on the upper James River.[10]

The breach of promise suit and marriage to William Farrar edit

See also: Cecily Jordan v. Greville Pooley dispute
 
Dramatization of Cecily Jordan rejecting Greville Pooley's claims

Samuel Jordan died in early 1623,[4]: 563  when Cecily was pregnant with their daughter, Margaret.[11] Cecily was then authorized to settle her husband's estate,[5]: 434  and William Farrar, a colonist who had left his own land after the Powhatan attack and moved to Jordan's Journey, was bonded to help her.[12]: 8  During this time, Jordan's Journey prospered.[13]

About three or four days after Samuel Jordan's death, Reverend Greville Pooley claimed to have proposed marriage to Cecily and claimed she accepted.[14] However, she instead chose to contract herself to William Farrar before Governor Yeardley and the Council of Virginia, disavowing Pooley's claim.[15] As a result of Cecily's action, Pooley initiated the first breach of promise suit in English-speaking North America.[16] After two years of litigation, the case was resolved in Cecily's favor in 1625. Pooley discharged her from all contracts and bound himself to a £500 bond stating that he would never have any claims, rights or titles over her.[12]: 42 

While the case was ongoing, Cecily and William Farrar both lived at Jordan's Journey and continued to work together, and both "Mr. William Ferrar and Mrs. Jordan" were named as the heads of the household in the Jamestown Muster of 1624/25.[note 3] [3] By May 1625 Cecily and Farrar were finally married, and they had three children together: Cecily, William, and John.[18] It is not known when Cecily died.[note 4] The last year she is mentioned is 1631 in the record of William Farrar's sale of his assets in England.[21]

Relationship to Temperance Baley edit

 
Historical marker for Bailey's Creek that assumes Cecily is the mother of Temperance Bailey and notes that her father is unknown.

In the Jamestown Muster of 1624-1625, the list of members of Cecily and William Farrar's household includes Temperance Baley (now spelled Bailey), who was listed as seven years old and born in Virginia.[3] Temperance is listed as receiving a patent for 100 acres in 1620 when she was about two or three years of age; she is also listed having 200 acres planted in 1625.[5]: 102  In addition, Samuel Jordan's 1620 patent lists her properties as adjoining his.[9] Based on this evidence, a number of researchers have concluded that Temperance may be Cecily's daughter from a previous husband named Baley.[22][18][23][5]: 434  However, there is no direct documentation that she is Temperance's mother or that she had a husband before marrying Samuel Jordan.[2] In addition, Temperance's father has not been conclusively identified.[22]

Notes edit

  1. ^ The Jamestown Muster of 1624/25 gives her age as 24 in January 1624/25[3]
  2. ^ Cecily was one of only 14 women in Alexander Brown's list of 108 people who qualified as ancient planters according to the Virginia Company's Great Charter.[4]: 613–614 
  3. ^ No more than 6 out of 191 muster heads were women. Four of these were widows. Only Cecily was listed as joint head of household with somebody who was not her husband.[17]
  4. ^ Archaeologists excavating Jordan's Journey suggested that one of the more carefully constructed graves found there may be Cecily's; osteological analysis indicates the woman in this grave died between 25-34 years of age.[19][20] If this woman is Cecily, it means she most likely died no later than 1634.

References edit

  1. ^ Jester, Annie Lash (1957). Domestic Life in Virginia in the Seventeenth Century. Williamsburg, VA: Virginia 350th Anniversary Celebration Corporation. p. 4.  
  2. ^ a b Southall, James P. C. (1942). "Cicely Jordan Farrar and Temperance Baley". The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. 50 (1): 74–80. JSTOR 4245145.   (registration required)
  3. ^ a b c d Hotten, John Camden (1874). "Musters of the Inhabitants in Virginia 1624/25". The Original Lists of Persons of Quality, Emigrants, Religious Exiles, Political Rebels, Serving Men Sold for a Term of Years; Apprentices; Children stolen; Maidens Pressed; and Others Who Went from Great Britain to the American Plantations, 1600-1700 : With Their Ages and the Names of the Ships in Which they Embarked, and other Interesting Particulars; from Mss. Preserved in the State Paper Department of Her Majesty's Public Record Office, England. New York, NY: Empire State Book. pp. 209–210.  
  4. ^ a b c Brown, Alexander (1898). The First Republic in America. Boston, MA: Houghton, Mifflin.  
  5. ^ a b c d McCartney, Martha W. (2007). Virginia Immigrants and Adventurers, 1607-1635. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing. ISBN 9780806317748.
  6. ^ Brown, Alexander (1883). "Sir Thomas West, Third Lord De La Warr". Magazine of American History with Notes and Queries. 9: 18–30.  
  7. ^ Fausz, J. Frederick (1990). "An "Abundance of Blood Shed on Both Sides": England's First Indian War, 1609-1614". The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. 98 (1): 3–56. JSTOR 4249117.   (registration required)
  8. ^ a b Kingsbury, Susan Myra, ed. (1933). Records of the Virginia Company of London. Vol. 3. Washington DC: Government Printing Office. pp. 98–109.  
  9. ^ a b c Nugent, Nell Marion (1934). "Patent Book No. 2". Cavaliers and Pioneers, a Calendar of Land Grants 1623-1800. Vol. 1. Richmond, VA: Dietz Press. p. 226.  
  10. ^ Smith, John (1910) [1624]. "The Generall Historie of Virginia, the Fourth Booke". In Arber, Edward (ed.). Travels and Works of Captain John Smith. Vol. Part II. Edinburgh, Scotland: John Grant. p. 584.  
  11. ^ Miller, Brandon Marie (2016). "In This New Discovered Virginia: Cecily Jordan Farrar, "Ancient Planter" of Virginia". Women of Colonial America: 13 Stories of Courage and Survival in the New World. Chicago, IL: Chicago Review Press. pp. 36–42. ISBN 9781556525391.
  12. ^ a b McIlwaine, H. R., ed. (1924). Minutes of the Council and General Court of Colonial Virginia 1622-1632, 1670-1676 with Notes and Excerpts from Original Council and General Court Records into 1683, Now Lost. Richmond, VA: Virginia State Library.  
  13. ^ Hatch, Charles E. (1957). The First Seventeen Years: Virginia, 1607-1624. Williamsburg, VA: Jamestown 350th Anniversary Celebration Corp. p. 68.  
  14. ^ Stanard, Mary Newton (1928). Story of Virginia's First Century. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott. pp. 180-181.  
  15. ^ Kingsbury, Susan M., ed. (1935). The Records of the Virginia Company of London. Vol. 4. Washington DC: Government Printing Office. pp. 218–220.  
  16. ^ Brown, Alexander (1890). The Genesis of the United States, Vol 2. Vol. II. Boston, MA Houghton, Mifflin. p. 891.  
  17. ^ Hecht, Irene W. D. (1973). "The Virginia muster of 1624/1625 as source for demographic history". William and Mary Quarterly. 30 (1): 74. doi:10.2307/1923703. JSTOR 1923703.   (registration required)
  18. ^ a b Dorman, John Frederick, ed. (2004). Adventurers of Purse and Person, Virginia, 1607–1624/5: Families A-F (Volume 1) (4th. ed.). Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing. pp. 926–928. ISBN 978-0806317441.
  19. ^ McLearen, Douglas C.; Mouer, L. Daniel; Boyd, Donna M.; Owsley, Douglas W.; Compton, Bertita (1993). Jordan's Journey: A Preliminary Report on the 1992 Excavations at Archaeological Sites 44PG302, 44PG303, and 44PG315. Richmond, VA: Virginia Commonwealth University Archaeological Research Center. p. 64. doi:10.6067/XCV81J98NK.   (registration required)
  20. ^ Morgan, Tim; Luccketti, Nicholas; Straube, Beverly; Bessey, S. Fiona; Loomis, Annette; Hodges, Charles (1995). Archaeological Excavations at Jordan's Point: Sites 44PG151, 44PG300, 44PG302, 44PG303, 44PG315, 44PG333. Richmond, VA: Virginia Department of Historic Resources. p. 286. doi:10.6067/XCV8H41QBZ.   (registration required)
  21. ^ Public Record Office: London, Calendar of Close Rolls. Vol 54/2904, cited in Holmes, Alvahn (1972). The Farrar's Island Family and its English Ancestry. Baltimore, MD: Gateway Press. p. 31. OCLC 499544604.
  22. ^ a b Davis, Clifton F. (1941). "Genealogical Notes and Queries (Cicely Jordan Farrar and Temperance Baley)". The William and Mary Quarterly. 21 (2): 180–183. JSTOR 1923628.   (registration required)
  23. ^ Southall, James P. C. (1943). "Links in a Chain". The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. 51 (4): 383. JSTOR 4245260.   (registration required)

Further reading edit

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