Chōtoku (長徳) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. "year name") after Shōryaku and before Chōhō. This period spanned the years from February 995 through January 999.[1] The reigning emperor was Ichijō-tennō (一条天皇).[2]
Change of era edit
- 995 Chōtoku gannen (長徳元年): The new era name was created to mark an event or a number of events. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in Shōryaku 6, on 22 February 995.[3]
Events of the Chōtoku era edit
- 995 (Chōtoku 1): Fujiwara no Michinaga is given the office of Udaijin.[4]
- 996 (Chōtoku 2, 7th month): Michinaga become Sadaijin; and Fujiwara no Akimitsu is named Udaijin.[5]
Notes edit
- ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Chōtoku" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 124, p. 124, at Google Books; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File.
- ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, pp. 150-153; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, p. 302-307; Varely, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, pp. 192-195.
- ^ Brown, p. 305.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 152.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 153.
References edit
- Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Odai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
- Varley, H. Paul. (1980). A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231049405; OCLC 6042764
External links edit
- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
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