Saint George's Church (Armenian: Սուրբ Գևորգ եկեղեցի, Surb Gevorg yekeghetsi; Georgian: სურფგევორქი, sur′pgevork′i)[3][4] is a 13th-century Armenian church in the old city of Tbilisi, Georgia's capital.[5] It is one of the two functioning Armenian churches in Tbilisi and is the cathedral of the Georgian Diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Church.[2] It is located in the south-western corner of Vakhtang Gorgasali Square (Meidani) and is overlooked by the ruins of Narikala fortress.[6]
| Saint George's Church | |
|---|---|
 The church in 2019 | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Armenian Apostolic Church |
| Status | Active |
| Location | |
| Location | 5 Samghebro Street, Tbilisi, Georgia[1][2] |
| Geographic coordinates | 41°41′21″N 44°48′32″E / 41.689242°N 44.808898°E |
| Architecture | |
| Style | Armenian |
| Completed | 1251 or earlier |
History edit
According to the Tbilisi municipality website, the area where the church is located used to belong to the prison district during the Middle Ages, hence the occasional Georgian name, Tsikhisdidi (tsikhe = prison, didi = big).[6]
According to Armenian historians Hovsep Orbeli and Levon Melikset-Bek, the church was founded in 1251. The date was proposed based on an Arabic inscription on a khachkar over the western door of the church yard. According to 13th century chronicler Hovhannes Erznkatsi, the church was built by Prince Umek of Karin (Erzurum).[2] According to Jean-Michel Thierry, Umek was a wealthy merchant who settled in Tiflis, and married Princess Mama Vahtangian, the daughter of Hasan Jalal Vahtangian, Grand Prince of Khachen (ruled 1214–61).[7] However, the Diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Church in Georgia website claims that the church existed long before the 13th century and that Erznkatsi refers to the church being rebuilt and not being built by Umek.[2] According to the Armenian Diocese, the church may have been founded as early as 631.[2]
The church was given to the Persian garrison by Safavid Shah Abbas I of Persia in 1616 and returned to the Armenian community in 1748 by King Heraclius II of Georgia. It was burnt when Persians sacked Tbilisi in 1795.[6] The church was thoroughly restored in the 17th century, and then again in 1832 and 1881.[7]
It became the seat of the Georgian Diocese of the Armenian Apostolic Church after the Vank Cathedral was demolished by Soviet authorities in the 1930s.[3]
The most recent renovation of the church began in 2012. Initiated and financed by Russian-Armenian businessman Ruben Vardanian,[8] the renovation was supported by donations of philanthropists Albert Avdolyan, Sergey Sarkisov and Rusudan Makhashvili, Danil Khachaturov, former Georgian Prime Minister Bidzina Ivanishvili, and others.[9] Some $3.5 million was spent on its renovation, which was completed in 2015.[10] The church was reconsecrated on October 31, 2015 by Catholicos Karekin II, the head of the Armenian Church. The ceremony was attended by Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan and Ivanishvili.[11]
In February 2019 a video surfaced online showing three ethnic Azerbaijanis, one of them burning the flag of Armenia (but more similar to flag of Columbia) in front of the church. An Armenian diocese spokesperson said the incident had occurred months earlier.[12]
Architecture and frescoes edit
The church is built on a traditional plan of a partitioned, open cross with a rectangular perimeter. Like most of the churches in Tbilisi, it is built in brick.[7] The outer walls of the church are covered with stucco.[2]
Late 18th-century paintings by Hovnatan Hovnatanian decorate the church's interior.[7] Between 1922 and 1923 Gevorg Bashinjaghian decorated the church's internal walls, the altar, and the walls in front of it, creating four large murals: Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane, The Repentance of Judas, Jesus and the Boatmen, Harvest time.[2]
Burials edit
The following people are buried at the church courtyard:[2]
- Sayat-Nova (d. 1795), poet and musician[6][5]
- Gevorg Bashinjaghian (d. 1925), painter
- Including the following Russian generals of Armenian origin:[2]
- Beybut Shelkovnikov (d. 1878)
- Ivan (Hovhannes) Lazarev (d. 1879)
- Arshak Ter-Gukasov (d. 1881)
- Mikhail Loris-Melikov (d. 1888)
Gallery edit
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As seen from Narikala -
-
View of the church (middle right) and the Narikala fortress -
View of the church from Gorgasali Square -
Top view of the church -
Altar -
Interior
.JPG)
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Burford, Tim (2015). Georgia. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 115. ISBN 9781841625560.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "SURB GEVORG LEADER CHURCH". armenianchurch.ge. Diocese of Armenian Apostolic Orthodox Holy Church in Georgia. Archived from the original on 15 July 2021.
- ^ a b "სურფგევორქი [surpgevorki]" (in Georgian). National Parliamentary Library of Georgia.
- ^ literally translated Georgian: წმინდა გიორგის ეკლესია, tsminda giorgis ek′lesia
- ^ a b Steffen, James (2013). The Cinema of Sergei Parajanov. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 120. ISBN 9780299296537.
Today Sayat-Nova's tomb stands next to the entrance of the Saint George (Surb Gevorg) Cathedral, Tbilisi's main Armenian church, located in the old city center.
- ^ a b c d "Surfgevork St. George Armenian Church, Samghebro Street". tbilisi.gov.ge. Tbilisi City Hall.
- ^ a b c d Thierry, Jean-Michel (1989). Armenian Art. New York: Harry N. Abrams. p. 317. ISBN 0-8109-0625-2.
- ^ "Ռուբեն Վարդանյանի նախաձեռնությամբ վերանորոգվում է Թբիլիսիի Սուրբ Գևորգ եկեղեցին" (in Armenian). Armenpress. 4 August 2014.
- ^ "Armenian President to attend Tbilisi St. Gevorg Church consecration". mediamax.am. 30 October 2015.
- ^ "Armenian church in Tbilisi to be reconsecrated". news.am. 31 October 2015.
- ^ "President Sargsyan attends Armenian church reconsecration in Tbilisi". news.am. 31 October 2015.
- ^ "Սբ. Գևորգ եկեղեցում ադրբեջանցու նկարահանած տեսանյութը նոր չէ. Վիրահայոց թեմը պարզաբանում է". panorama.am (in Armenian). 19 February 2019. Archived from the original on 29 August 2019.