Big Wapwallopen Creek
Big Wapwallopen Creek (also known simply as Wapwallopen Creek)[1] is a 23.2-mile-long (37.3 km)[2]tributary of the Susquehanna River in east central Pennsylvania in the United States.
The name Wapwallopen was derived from a nearby Native American village situated along the Susquehanna River.
Wapwallopen Creek drops off the southwest edge of the Pocono Plateau and joins the Susquehanna River at Wapwallopen. There are gristmills on Big Wapwallopen Creek.[3] There is coal near the creek.[4]
Hydrology
The drainage area of Big Wapwallopen Creek is 45.8 square miles.[3] Bow Creek is one tributary of Big Wapwallopen Creek.[5] Crystal Spring is another tributary.[6] Cranberry Pond, Crystal Lake and Mud Pond are lakes on the creek.[7]
Waterfalls
For much of its distance, Big Wapwallopen Creek's International Scale of River Difficulty rating is I to IV. There are several waterfalls on the creek. On waterfall is called Theater and has a 30-foot (9-meter) drop. The second waterfall is called Anarchy and has a drop of more than 20 feet (6 meters), followed immediately by a 10-foot (3-meter) drop. After that there is a 10 to 15 foot (3 to 5 meter) waterfall. Another waterfall on Big Wapwallopen Creek is called the Big Daddy Boner and has a drop of 45 feet (14 meters).[8]
Discharge
The month with the highest average discharge since 1919 is April, when the discharge typically ranges from 93 to 144 cubic feet per second. The month with the lowest average discharge since 1919 is August, when the discharge typically ranges from 21 to 38 cubic feet per second.[9]
Course
Big Wapwallopen Creek's headwaters are in the community of Mountain Top.[5]
History
The Delaware and Shawnee Indians built wigwams close to the mouth of Big Wapwallopen Creek.[6]
Settlers arrived at Big Wapwallopen Creek from Northampton County in 1785. A sawmill was built on the creek by Cornelius Garrison in 1833.[5] A gunpowder factory was built on the creek but exploded.[10] In 1865 F.K. Miller built a tannery on a tributary of the creek.[6]
There used to be a timbering industry in the Big Wapwallopen Creek watershed, but it stopped around 1870.[11]
References
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Big Wapwallopen Creek
- ^ U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map, accessed August 8, 2011
- ^ a b http://books.google.com/books?id=wNAPAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA853&dq=%22Wapwallopen+Creek%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=DNxvUa2FNu384AOBnoGwDQ&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22Wapwallopen%20Creek%22&f=false
- ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=RiM4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA16&dq=%22Wapwallopen+Creek%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=aGxwUe_mCpXE4AOwxIHgDQ&ved=0CGIQ6AEwCTgU#v=onepage&q=%22Wapwallopen%20Creek%22&f=false
- ^ a b c http://books.google.com/books?id=VgtsyLv6ZlsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Wapwallopen+Creek%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=DNxvUa2FNu384AOBnoGwDQ&ved=0CFgQ6AEwCA
- ^ a b c http://books.google.com/books?id=4BkVAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Wapwallopen+Creek%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=SG1wUfqlCJTE4AO6_4Bg&ved=0CEwQ6AEwBzgo#v=onepage&q=%22Wapwallopen%20Creek%22&f=false
- ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=nONAAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA29&dq=%22Wapwallopen+Creek%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=SG1wUfqlCJTE4AO6_4Bg&ved=0CFcQ6AEwCTgo#v=onepage&q=%22Wapwallopen%20Creek%22&f=false
- ^ http://www.americanwhitewater.org/content/River/detail/id/1681/
- ^ http://waterdata.usgs.gov/usa/nwis/dvstat/?site_no=01538000&por_01538000_6=1820768,00060,6
- ^ http://books.google.com/books?id=ZjwuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA195&dq=%22Mahoning+Creek%22+montour+county+pennsylvania&hl=en&sa=X&ei=UN1vUaSdOJfk4APL-YCQDw&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22Mahoning%20Creek%22%20montour%20county%20pennsylvania&f=false
- ^ http://www.mtn-top-hs.org/Wb%20&%20H%20revised.pdf
- Gertler, Edward. Keystone Canoeing, Seneca Press, 2004. ISBN 0-9749692-0-6
External links
