Bangladeshis in Japan (Japanese: 在日バングラデシュ人) form one of the smaller populations of foreigners in Japan. As of in December 2023, Japan's Ministry of Justice recorded 27,962 Bangladeshi nationals among the total population of registered foreigners in Japan.[1][2]
জাপানী বাংলাদেশী | |
|---|---|
| Total population | |
| 27,962 (in December, 2023)[1][2] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Tokyo (mainly Shinjuku and Shibuya), Anjō, Chiba, Handa, Kariya, Kawasaki, Kōbe, Komaki, Kyoto, Nagoya, Ōsaka, Saitama, Sakai, Tōkai, Yokohama[citation needed] | |
| Languages | |
| Bengali · Japanese · English | |
| Religion | |
| Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Bangladeshi diaspora |
Migration history edit
Bangladeshi labour migration to Japan, in common with that to other economically developed parts of East Asia, namely South Korea and Taiwan, is believed to have begun around 1985 after the inception of Bangladesh in 1971. Prospective workers would obtain student visas to enter into language schools, which would allow them to work legally up to 20 hours per week to support themselves; they used their period of study to put down roots in Japan and find more permanent full-time work. Such migration reached a peak in 1988, but dropped off sharply in 1989 as Japanese authorities tightened the requirements for obtaining student visas.[3] In the late 1980s and early 1990s, deportations jumped sharply, with nearly five thousand in 1990 alone; however, both new arrivals and previous deportees turned to people smugglers to re-enter the country. A 2007 survey estimated that a quarter of illegal migrants from Bangladesh arrived after April 1989. Even after the bursting of the Japanese asset price bubble, their wages remained relatively high, typically exceeding 150% of the minimum wage; Bangladeshi migrants prefer Japan to Saudi Arabia or the United Arab Emirates and consider it a more "prestigious destination" due to the higher wages which continue to be offered.[4]
Demographic characteristics edit
Bangladeshi migrants in Japan tend to come from a middle-class background. While fewer than four percent of Bangladeshis overall had higher educational background, nearly 30% of Bangladeshis in Japan had graduated from secondary schools.[3] This meant that they were more educated not only than their peers in their home country, but other groups of migrant workers in Japan. Over 80% of migrants are estimated to come from Munshiganj District, south of Dhaka; they are also quite young, with some having come directly after university graduation and lacking any further employment experience.[4] They are spurred to leave Bangladesh due to high unemployment and low salaries; however, upon arriving in Japan, they find themselves limited to so-called "3D" ("Dirty, Dangerous and Demeaning") jobs beneath their qualifications, though at much higher salaries than they could have earned at home.[3] Men outnumber women by a ratio of nearly four-to-one.[5][failed verification]
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Bangladeshi migrants remain in Japan for an average of nearly seven years before returning home, each remitting US$59,068 ($739/month). They enjoy some social mobility due to the money they saved while abroad; one survey, which focused on Dhaka residents returned from Japan, found that over 50% used their funds to start their own businesses upon their return, rather than attempting to remigrate to Japan or other destinations and continue at menial jobs. Housing was not a popular use of funds saved, though 50% of migrants who remained in Japan for longer than five years purchased land in Bangladesh.[4]
Notable individuals edit
- Rikuto Hashimoto, Japanese footballer
- Islam Mohamed Himu, businessman
- Firoz Mahmud, contemporary visual artist
- Rola (born 1990), fashion model and celebrity
References edit
- ^ a b 在留外国人統計（旧登録外国人統計）統計表 [Foreign Resident Statistics (Old Registered Foreign Resident Statistics) Statistical Table]. Immigration Services Agency.
- ^ a b 令和５年末現在における在留外国人数について
- ^ a b c Sakurai, Keiko (July 2003), 日本のムスリム社会 (Japan's Muslim Societies), Chikuma Shobō, pp. 78–85, ISBN 4-480-06120-7
- ^ a b c Higuchi, Naoto (May 2007), "Do Transnational Migrants Transplant Social Networks? Remittances, Investments, and Social Mobility Among Bangladeshi and Iranian Returnees from Japan", 8th Asia Pacific Migration Research Network Conference (PDF), UNESCO, archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-08-11, retrieved 2008-04-08
- ^ 国籍（出身地）別外国人登録者数の推移 [Trends in the number of foreign registrants by nationality (place of origin)] (PDF) (in Japanese). Japan: Japanese Ministry of Justice. 10 July 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 December 2009. Retrieved 22 February 2010.
Further reading edit
- Mahmood, Raisul A. (1994), "Adaptation to a new world: experience of Bangladeshis in Japan", International Migration, 32 (4), Geneva, Switzerland: 513–32, doi:10.1111/j.1468-2435.1994.tb00169.x, PMID 12346403