Armstrong Siddeley Cheetah

Cheetah
	Cheetah X
Type	Radial engine
National origin	United Kingdom
Manufacturer	Armstrong Siddeley Motors Ltd.
First run	1935
Major applications	Airspeed Oxford
Number built	>37,200
Developed from	Armstrong Siddeley Lynx

The Armstrong Siddeley Cheetah is a seven-cylinder British air-cooled aircraft radial engine of 834 cu in (13.65 L) capacity introduced in 1935 and produced until 1948. Early variants of the Cheetah were initially known as the Lynx Major.^[1]

The Cheetah was used to power many British trainer aircraft during World War II including the Avro Anson and Airspeed Oxford.

Design and development edit

The Cheetah was developed from the earlier Lynx using the increased bore cylinders from the Armstrong Siddeley Panther but the engine retained the stroke of the Lynx. Initially only direct-drive variants were produced with later engines being made available with propeller reduction gear of various ratios. Superchargers were also available for later variants, both geared and directly driven by the crankshaft.^[1]

The basic design of the Cheetah remained unchanged from its introduction in 1935 to the last examples built in 1948. It was the first engine of its type to be certified for 1,200 hours of operational time between overhauls (TBO), with over 37,200 examples built.^[2]

Variants edit

List from: Lumsden^[3]Note:^[4]

Lynx V (Lynx Major): 1930, 230 hp (171 kW).
Cheetah V: 1935, 270 hp (201 kW) at 2,100 rpm.
Cheetah VA: 1935, 285 hp (212 kW) at 2,425 rpm.
Cheetah VI: 1935, 307 hp (229 kW) at 2,425 rpm.
Cheetah VIA: 1936, as Mk VI but with Mk IX cylinders.

Preserved Cheetah X

Cheetah IX: 1937, 345 hp (257 kW) at 2,425 rpm.
Cheetah X: 1938, 375 hp (280 kW) at 2,300 rpm.
Cheetah XI: 345 hp (257 kW) at 2,425 rpm, geared version of Cheetah X.
Cheetah XII: Similar to Mk X, adapted for target drone aircraft.
Cheetah XV: 420 hp (313 kW) at 2,425 rpm.
Cheetah XVII: 1948, 385 hp (287 kW) at 2,425 rpm.
Cheetah XVIII: 385 hp (287 kW) at 2,425 rpm, carburettor modified for aerobatics.
Cheetah XIX: 355 hp (265 kW) at 2,425 rpm
Cheetah 25: 345 hp (257 kW) at 2,425 rpm, Cheetah XV uprated to 475 hp (355 kW) at 2,700 rpm, modified constant-speed unit.
Cheetah 26: 385 hp (287 kW).
Cheetah 27: 1948, 385 hp (287 kW).

Applications edit

Survivors edit

As of October 2008 at least four Cheetah engines remained airworthy. Two Cheetah 17s power the Anson T21 operated by the Classic Air Force and another pair of Cheetah 17s are fitted to Avro Nineteen, G-AHKX registered to BAE Systems but normally based at the Shuttleworth Collection.^[6]^[7]

Engines on display edit

Preserved Armstrong Siddeley Cheetah engines are on public display at the following museums:

Arkansas Air & Military Museum
Aviation Heritage Museum (Western Australia)^[8]
Brooklands Museum
City of Norwich Aviation Museum in Horsham St Faith, Norfolk.^[9]
Fleet Air Arm Museum
Historical Aircraft Restoration Society Albion Park, New South Wales, Australia
Malta Aviation Museum
Port Elizabeth branch of the South African Air Force Museum
Royal Air Force Museum Cosford
South Australian Aviation Museum, Adelaide. Two Mk9 Operational Displays

Specifications (Cheetah IX) edit

Cheetah engine fitted to an Airspeed Oxford undergoing restoration

Data from ^[10]

General characteristics

Type: Seven-cylinder single-row supercharged air-cooled radial engine
Bore: 5.25 in (133 mm)
Stroke: 5.5 in (140 mm)
Displacement: 834 cu in (13.65 L)
Length: 52.8 in (1,342 mm)
Diameter: 47.6 in (1,210 mm)
Dry weight: 637 lb (289 kg)

Components

Valvetrain: Two pushrod-actuated valves per cylinder
Supercharger: Centrifugal, 5.4:1 reduction
Fuel system: Claudel-Hobson carburettor
Fuel type: 87 octane rating petrol
Cooling system: Air-cooled
Reduction gear: No

Performance

Power output:
338 hp (252 kW) at 2,100 rpm for takeoff
345 hp (257 kW) at 2,425 rpm at 7,875 ft (2,400 m)
Specific power: 0.41 hp/cu in (18.83 kW/L)
Compression ratio: 6.35:1
Specific fuel consumption: 0.45 lb/hp/hr (271 g/kW/hr)
Oil consumption: 0.24–0.45 oz/hp/hr (9–17 g/kW/hr)
Power-to-weight ratio: 0.54 hp/lb (0.89 kW/kg)

References edit

Notes edit

^ ^a ^b Lumsden 2003, p.74.
^ Gunston 1989, p.18.
^ Lumsden 2003, pp.74-76.
^ Cheetah variants start at Mk V.
^ Lumsden, Alec (2003). British Piston Engines and their Aircraft. Marlborough, UK: Airlife Publishing. p. 75. ISBN 1-85310-294-6.
^ CAA - G-INFO - G-VROE Archived 6 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved: 15 February 2009
^ CAA - G-INFO - G-AHKX Archived 5 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved: 15 February 2009
^ "Aviation Heritage Museum | Bull Creek, Perth".
^ "Engines List". City of Norwich Aviation Museum. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
^ Lumsden 2003, p.75.

Bibliography edit

Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. ISBN 1-85260-163-9
Lumsden, Alec. British Piston Engines and their Aircraft. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Airlife Publishing, 2003. ISBN 1-85310-294-6.

External links edit

Flight magazine, 19 May 1939 - Introduction of the Cheetah X - Flightglobal.com

[Lumsden_p.74-1] Lumsden 2003, p.74.

[2] Gunston 1989, p.18.

[3] Lumsden 2003, pp.74-76.

[4] Cheetah variants start at Mk V.

[5] Lumsden, Alec (2003). British Piston Engines and their Aircraft. Marlborough, UK: Airlife Publishing. p. 75. ISBN 1-85310-294-6.

[6] CAA - G-INFO - G-VROE Archived 6 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved: 15 February 2009

[7] CAA - G-INFO - G-AHKX Archived 5 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved: 15 February 2009

[8] "Aviation Heritage Museum | Bull Creek, Perth".

[9] "Engines List". City of Norwich Aviation Museum. Retrieved 27 August 2023.

[10] Lumsden 2003, p.75.

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