Antrodia
| Antrodia | |
|---|---|
.JPG) |
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Phylum: | Basidiomycota |
| Subphylum: | Agaricomycotina |
| Class: | Basidiomycetes |
| Subclass: | Agaricomycetidae |
| Order: | Polyporales |
| Family: | Fomitopsidaceae |
| Genus: | Antrodia P.Karst. (1880)[1] |
| Type species | |
| Antrodia serpens (Fr.) P.Karst. (1880) |
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| Species | |
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See article |
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Antrodia is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. Antrodia species have fruiting bodies that typically lie flat or spread out on the growing surface, with the hymenium exposed to the outside; the edges may be turned so as to form narrow brackets. Most species are found in temperate and boreal forests, and cause brown rot.
Description
Antrodia are effused-resupinate, that is, they lie stretched out on the growing surface with the hymenium exposed on the outer side, but turned out at the edges to form brackets. When present, these brackets are typically white or pale brown. The pores on the surface of the hymenium may be round or angular. The context is white or pale. All species cause brown-rot. Typically, basidiospores are thin-walled, cylindrical, and narrowly ellipsoidal or fusiform in shape.[2] Most species grow on the wood of coniferous trees, except for A. albida, with grows the dead wood on deciduous trees.[3]
Phylogeny
In order to reliably identify the various species and strains of medicinal Antrodia, genetic markers have been developed and phylogenetic analyses performed.[4] This analysis showed that there are three distinct phylogenetic lineages with the Antrodia genus.
Classification
The modern definition of the genus was described by Gilbertson and Ryvarden (1986) in their book North American Polypores.[5]
Distribution
Roughly twenty-nine species are known from Europe,[6] 21 species in North America,[5] and 18 species in East Asia,[7] although more new species have been reported since the time of these publications.
Species
There are approximately 50 species in this genus:[8]Antrodia albida, Antrodia albidoides, Antrodia albobrunnea, Antrodia alpina, Antrodia aurantia,[9]Antrodia bondartsevae, Antrodia calceus, Antrodia carbonica, Antrodia cinnamomea, Antrodia citrina, Antrodia conchata, Antrodia crassa, Antrodia daedaleiformis, Antrodia destructor, Antrodia eutelea, Antrodia ferox, Antrodia flava, Antrodia formosana,[10]Antrodia gossypina, Antrodia gossypium, Antrodia heteromorpha, Antrodia infirma,[11]Antrodia juniperina, Antrodia lalashana,[10]Antrodia leucaena,[2]Antrodia lindbladii, Antrodia luteola, Antrodia macra, Antrodia macrospora, Antrodia malicola, Antrodia mellita, Antrodia oleracea, Antrodia pictilis, Antrodia pini-cubensis, Antrodia plicata, Antrodia porothelioides, Antrodia primaeva, Antrodia pseudosinuosa, Antrodia pulvinascens, Antrodia ramentacea, Antrodia rupamii, Antrodia sandaliae, Antrodia saxonica, Antrodia serialiformis, Antrodia serialis, Antrodia serpens, Antrodia sinuosa, Antrodia sitchensis, Antrodia sordida, Antrodia stratosa, Antrodia subalbidoides, Antrodia submalicola, Antrodia subramentacea, Antrodia taxa, Antrodia terrei, Antrodia variiformis, Antrodia xantha.
References
- ^ Karsten P. (1880). Symbolae ad Mycologian Fennicam 6. Meddelanden af Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica 5:15–46.
- ^ a b Dai Y-C, Niemelä T. (2002). "Changbai wood-rotting fungi 13". Antrodia sensu lato. Annales Botanici Fennici 39: 257–265.
- ^ Ellis JB, Ellis MB. (1990). Fungi without Gills (Hymenomycetes and Gasteromycetes): an identification handbook. London: Chapman and Hall. p. 27. ISBN 0-412-36970-2.
- ^ Chiu H-H. (2007). "Phylogenetic analysis ofAntrodia species and Antrodia camphorata inferred from internal transcribed spacer region". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 91(3): 267–276.[1]
- ^ a b Ryvarden, Leif; Gilbertson, Robert L. (1986). North American polypores. Oslo, Norway: Fungiflora. ISBN 0-945345-06-2.
- ^ Ryvarden L, Gilbertson RL. (1993). "European polypores 1". Synopsis Fungorum 6: 1–387.
- ^ Núñez M, Ryvarden L. (2001). "East Asian polypores 2. Polyporaceae s. lato". Synopsis Fungorum 14: 170–522.
- ^ Antrodia Zip Code Zoo
- ^ Lodge DJ, Ryvarden L, Perdomo-Sanchez OP. (2001). "Studies in neotropical polypores 11: Antrodia aurantia, a new species from the Dominican Republic, greater Antilles". Mycotaxon 80: 261–266.
- ^ a b Chang TT, Chou WN. (1997). "Antrodia lalashana sp. nov. and Antrodiella formosana sp. nov. in Taiwan". Mycological Research 102: 400–402.
- ^ Renvall P, Niemela T. (1992). "Basidiomycetes at the timberline in Lapland 3. Two new boreal polypores with intricate hyphal systems". Karstenia 32: 29–42.
