1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election

Legislative Assembly elections was held in the Indian state of West Bengal on 14 June 1977.[1] The polls took place after the ousting of Indira Gandhi's government at the Centre.

1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election

← 1972 14 June 1977 1982 →

All 294 seats in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly
148 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party Third party
 
Jyoti Basu - Calcutta 1996-12-21 089 Cropped.png
PrafullaChandraSen.png
Cow_and_Calf_INC.svg
Leader Jyoti Basu Prafulla Chandra Sen Purabi Mukhopadhyay
Party CPI(M) JP INC(R)
Alliance LF
Leader since 1964 1977 1977
Leader's seat Satgachhia Did not contest[b] Did not contest[a]
Last election 27.45%, 14 seats New 49.08%, 216 seats
Seats won 178 29 20
Seat change Increase 164 New Decrease 196
Popular vote 6,568,999 2,869,391 3,298,063
Percentage 35.46% 20.02% 23.02%
Swing Increase 8.01 pp New Decrease 26.06 pp

Chief Minister before election

Siddhartha Shankar Ray
INC

Chief Minister after election

Jyoti Basu
CPI(M)

The Left Front won a landslide victory. The 1977 election marked the beginning of the 34-year Left Front rule in West Bengal, with Communist Party of India (Marxist) leader Jyoti Basu leading the first Left Front cabinet. The election finally put to rest, the decade-long political instability that had begun since 1967.

Background

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After the Janata Party won the national parliamentary election in March 1977 the new government in Delhi opted to dissolve the assemblies in nine states where the Indian National Congress (R) had lost the parliamentary polls and call for fresh elections.[2] West Bengal was one of these states.[2] The Congress(R) opposed the dissolution of the assemblies, the incumbent West Bengal Congress(R) government petitioned the Supreme Court of India.[2] The Supreme Court rejected the petition on 30 April 1977 and the West Bengal assembly was dissolved on order from the acting president B.D. Jatti.[2]

Ahead of the March 1977 parliamentary election the Left Front (a new alliance led by the CPI(M) consisting of RSP, AIFB, MFB, RCPI & Biplobi Bangla Congress) and the Janata Party had contested with a seat-sharing agreement.[2] With the assembly elections approaching, the two sides sought to build a seat-sharing agreement.[2] But the negotiation turned fruitless, and the Left Front and Janata Party parted ways.[2] The Left Front had offered the Janata Party 56% of the seats and the post as Chief Minister to Janata Party leader Prafulla Chandra Sen, but the Janata Party insisted on 70% of the seats.[3]

There were 25,984,474 eligible voters, voter turn-out stood at 56.15%.[4]

Campaign

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In most areas the West Bengal assembly election saw a triangular contest between the Left Front, the Congress(R) and the Janata Party for the 294 seats across the constituency.[2] The Left Front fielded 293 candidates; CPI(M) contested 224 seats, the All India Forward Bloc 36, the Revolutionary Socialist Party 23, the Marxist Forward Bloc 3, the Revolutionary Communist Party of India 4, the Biplobi Bangla Congress 2 and 1 Left Front supported independent.[4][5][6] Congress(R) contested 290 seats and Janata Party 289 seats.[4] Left Front heavily campaigned on the massive-rigging perpetrated by the Congress(R) in the previous state election, state-sponsored anti-Communist violence & Emergency-era abuses perpetrated by the government of Siddharta Shankar Ray, with its slogan being কংগ্রেসের কালো হাত ভেঙ্গে দাও, গুড়িয়ে দাও (Break off & smash the black hand of the Congress in Bengali).

Results

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The Left Front won the election, winning 231 out of the 294 seats.[7][4][5] The electoral result came as a surprise to the Left Front itself, as it had offered 52% of the seats in the pre-electoral seat sharing talks with the Janata Party.[2][8] On 21 June 1977 the Left Front formed a government with Jyoti Basu as its Chief Minister.[8][9] The first cabinet meeting of the Left Front government ordered the release of political prisoners.[10]

Provisional Central Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) leader Santosh Rana was elected as an independent from Gopiballavpur.[11]

Party Candidates Seats Votes %
Left Front Communist Party of India (Marxist) 224 178 5,080,828 35.46
All India Forward Bloc 36 25 750,229 5.24
Revolutionary Socialist Party 23 20 536,625 3.74
Revolutionary Communist Party of India 4 3 75,156 0.52
Marxist Forward Bloc 3 3 58,466 0.41
Biplobi Bangla Congress 2 1 35,457 0.25
LF independent 1 1 32,238 0.22
Janata Party 289 29 2,869,391 20.02
Indian National Congress (R) 290 20 3,298,063 23.02
Communist Party of India 63 2 375,560 2.62
Socialist Unity Centre of India 29 4 211,752 1.48
Indian Union Muslim League 32 1 54,942 0.38
Workers Party of India 2 1 29,221 0.20
Jharkhand Party 2 0 5,701 0.04
Republican Party of India 3 0 1,652 0.01
All India Gorkha League 2 0 810 0.01
Bharater Biplobi Communist Party 1 0 489 0.00
Independents 566 7 912,612 6.37
Total 1,572 294 14,329,201 100
Source: ECI

Elected members

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Constituency Reserved for
(SC/ST/None)
Member Party
Mekliganj SC Sada Kant Roy All India Forward Bloc
Sitalkuchi SC Sudhir Pramanik Communist Party of India
Mathabhanga SC Dinesh Chandra Dakua Communist Party of India
Cooch Behar North None Aparajita Goppi All India Forward Bloc
Cooch Behar West None Bimal Kanti Basu All India Forward Bloc
Sitai None Dipak Sen Gupta All India Forward Bloc
Dinhata None Kamal Kanti Guha All India Forward Bloc
Natabari None Sibendra Narayan Chowdhury Communist Party of India
Tufanganj SC Manindra Nath Barma Communist Party of India
Kumargram ST John Arther Baxla Revolutionary Socialist Party
Kalchini ST Manohar Tirkey Revolutionary Socialist Party
Alipurduars None Nani Bhattacharya Revolutionary Socialist Party
Falakata SC Jogendra Nath Singh Roy Communist Party of India
Madarihat ST A. H. Besterwitch Revolutionary Socialist Party
Dhupguri SC Banamali Roy Communist Party of India
Nagrakata ST Punai Oraon Communist Party of India
Mainaguri SC Tarak Bandhu Roy Revolutionary Socialist Party
Mal ST Mohan Lal Oraon Communist Party of India
Kranti None Parimal Mitra Communist Party of India
Jalpaiguri None Nirmal Kumar Bose All India Forward Bloc
Rajganj SC Dhirendra Nath Roy Communist Party of India
Kalimpong None Subha Renuleena Independent
Darjeeling None Deo Prakash Rai Independent
Kurseong None Dawa Norbula Indian National Congress
Siliguri None Biren Bose Communist Party of India
Phansidewa ST Patras Minz Communist Party of India
Chopra None Moha Bachcha Munsi Communist Party of India
Islampur None Chowdhary Abdul Karim Independent
Goalpokhar None Ramjan Ali Independent
Karandighi None Haji Sajjad Hussain Indian National Congress
Raiganj SC Khagendra Nath Sinha Communist Party of India
Kaliaganj SC Naba Kumar Roy Indian National Congress
Kushmandi SC Dhirendra Nath Sarkar Indian National Congress
Itahar None Zaimal Abedin Indian National Congress
Gangarampur None Ahindra Sarkar Communist Party of India
Tapan ST Natheniel Murmu Revolutionary Socialist Party
Kumarganj None Jamini Kisore Mojumdar Communist Party of India
Balurghat None Biswanath Choudhauri Revolutionary Socialist Party
Habibpur ST Murmu Sarkar Communist Party of India
Gajol ST Sufal Murmu Communist Party of India
Kharba None Golam Yazdani Independent
Harishchandrapur None Birendra Kumar Maitra Janata Party
Ratua None Mohammad Ali Communist Party of India
Araidanga None Habib Mustafa Communist Party of India
Malda SC Subhendu Choudhury Communist Party of India
Englishbazar None Sailen Sarkar Communist Party of India
Manikchak None Subodh Choudhury Communist Party of India
Suzapur None Abul Barkat Ataul Ghani Khan Chowdhury Indian National Congress
Kaliachak None Samsuddin Ahmmad Indian National Congress
Farakka None Abul Hasnat Khan Communist Party of India
Aurangabad None Lutfal Haque Indian National Congress
Suti None Md. Sohorab Indian National Congress
Sagardighi SC Hazari Biswas Communist Party of India
Jangipur None Habibur Rahaman Indian National Congress
Lalgola None Abdus Sattar Indian National Congress
Bhagabangola None Kazi Hafizur Rahaman Independent
Nabagram None Birendra Narayan Ray Communist Party of India
Murshidabad None Chhaya Ghosh All India Forward Bloc
Jalangi None Atahar Rahaman Communist Party of India
Domkal None Md. Abdul Bari Communist Party of India
Naoda None Jayanta Kumar Biswas Revolutionary Socialist Party
Hariharpara None Shaikh Imajuddin Indian National Congress
Berhampore None Debabrata Bandopadhyay Revolutionary Socialist Party
Beldanga None Timir Baran Bhadury Revolutionary Socialist Party
Kandi None Atish Chandra Sinha Indian National Congress
Khargram SC Dinabandhu Majhi Communist Party of India
Barwan None Amalendra Roy Revolutionary Socialist Party
Bharatpur None Satyapada Bhattacharyya Revolutionary Socialist Party
Karimpur None Samarendra Nath Sanyal Communist Party of India
Palashipara None Madhabendu Mohanta Communist Party of India
Nakashipara None Mir Fakir Mohammad Communist Party of India
Kaliganj None Debsaran Ghosh Revolutionary Socialist Party
Chapra None Sahabuddin Mondal Communist Party of India
Krishnaganj SC Jnanendranath Biswas Communist Party of India
Krishnagar East None Kashikanta Maitra Janata Party
Krishnagar West None Amritendu Mukherjee Communist Party of India
Nabadwip None Debi Prosad Basu Communist Party of India
Santipur None Bimalananda Mukherjee Revolutionary Communist Party of India
Hanskhali SC Sukumar Mondal Communist Party of India
Ranaghat East SC Satish Chandra Biswas Communist Party of India
Ranaghat West None Kundu Gourchandra Communist Party of India
Chakdaha None Binoy Kumar Biswas Independent
Haringhata None Malakar Nanigopal Communist Party of India
Bagdaha SC Kamalakshmi Biswas All India Forward Bloc
Bongaon None Ranjit Mitra Communist Party of India
Gaighata None Kanti Chandra Biswas Communist Party of India
Habra None Nirode Roy Chowdhury Communist Party of India
Ashokenagar None Nani Kar Communist Party of India
Amdanga None Hashim Abdul Halim Communist Party of India
Barasat None Saral Deb All India Forward Bloc
Rajarhat SC Rabindra Nath Mandal Communist Party of India
Deganga None A. K. M. Hassan Uzzaman Indian Union Muslim League
Swarupnagar None Anisur Rahman Communist Party of India
Baduria None Mostafa Bin Quasem Communist Party of India
Basirhat None Narayan Mukherjee Communist Party of India
Hasnabad None Amiya Banerjee Communist Party of India
Haroa SC Kshiti Ranjan Mondal Communist Party of India
Sandeshkhali SC Kumud Ranjan Biswas Communist Party of India
Hingalganj SC Sudhangshu Mondal Communist Party of India
Gosaba SC Ganesh Chandra Mondal Revolutionary Socialist Party
Basanti SC Kalipada Barman Revolutionary Socialist Party
Kultali SC Probodh Purkait Socialist Unity Centre of India
Joynagar None Deba Prosad Sarkar Socialist Unity Centre of India
Baruipur None Hemen Majumdar Communist Party of India
Canning West SC Chitta Ranjan Mridha Communist Party of India
Canning East None Abdur Razzak Molla Communist Party of India
Bhangar None Daud Khan Communist Party of India
Jadavpur None Dinesh Majumdar Communist Party of India
Sonarpur SC Gangadhar Naskar Communist Party of India
Bishnupur East SC Sundar Naskar Communist Party of India
Bishnupur West None Provesh Chandra Ray Communist Party of India
Behala East None Niranjan Mukherjee Communist Party of India
Behala West None Rabin Mukherjee Communist Party of India
Garden Reach None Chhedilal Singh Communist Party of India
Maheshtala None Sudhir Bhandari Communist Party of India
Budge Budge None Khitibhusan Burmon Communist Party of India
Satgachia None Jyoti Basu Communist Party of India
Falta None Nemai Chandra Das Communist Party of India
Diamond Harbour None Abdul Quiyom Molla Communist Party of India
Magrahat West None Chhobhan Gazi Communist Party of India
Magrahat East SC Radjika Ranjan Pramanik Communist Party of India
Mandirbazar SC Renupada Halder Socialist Unity Centre of India
Mathurapur None Satya Ranjan Bapuli Indian National Congress
Kulpi SC Krishnadhan Halder Communist Party of India
Patharpratima None Gunadhar Maiti Communist Party of India
Kakdwip None Hrishikesh Maity Communist Party of India
Sagar None Provanjan Mondal Communist Party of India
Bijpur None Jagadish Chandra Das Communist Party of India
Naihati None Gopal Basu Communist Party of India
Bhatpara None Sita Ram Gupta Communist Party of India
Jagatdal None Nihar Kumar Basu All India Forward Bloc
Noapara None Jamini Bhusan Saha Communist Party of India
Titagarh None Mohammed Amin Communist Party of India
Khardah None Kamal Sarkar Communist Party of India
Panihati None Gopal Krishna Bhattacharyya Communist Party of India
Kamarhati None Radhika Ranjan Banerjee Communist Party of India
Baranagar None Matish Ray Revolutionary Socialist Party
Dum Dum None Tarun Sen Gupta Communist Party of India
Belgachia East None Subhas Chakraborty Communist Party of India
Cossipur None Buddhadev Bhattacharjee Communist Party of India
Shyampukur None Nalini Kanta Guha All India Forward Bloc
Jorabagan None Haripada Bharati Janata Party
Jorasanko None Vishnu Kant Shastri Janata Party
Bara Bazar None Rabi Shankar Pandey Janata Party
Bow Bazar None Abul Hasan Communist Party of India
Chowringhee None Sandip Das Janata Party
Kabitirtha None Kalimuddin Shams All India Forward Bloc
Alipore None Ashoke Kumar Bose Communist Party of India
Rashbehari Avenue None Ashok Mitra Communist Party of India
Tollygunge None Prasanta Kumar Sur Communist Party of India
Dhakuria None Jatin Chakravarty Revolutionary Socialist Party
Ballygunge None Sachin Sen Communist Party of India
Entally None Md. Nezamuddin Communist Party of India
Taltola SC Sumanta Kr. Hira Communist Party of India
Beliaghata None Krishna Pada Ghosh Communist Party of India
Sealdah None Binoy Banerjee Janata Party
Vidyasagar None Samar Kumar Rudra Communist Party of India
Burtola None Nikhil Das Revolutionary Socialist Party
Manicktola None Suhrid Mullick Chowdhury Communist Party of India
Belgachia West None Lakshmi Charan Sen Communist Party of India
Bally None Patipaban Pathak Communist Party of India
Howrah North None Chitabrata Mazumdar Communist Party of India
Howrah Central None Sudhindra Nath Kumar Independent
Howrah South None Praley Talukdar Communist Party of India
Shibpur None Kanai Lal Bhattacharyya All India Forward Bloc
Domjur None Joykesh Mukherjee Communist Party of India
Jagatballavpur None M. Ansaruddin Communist Party of India
Panchla None Santosh Kumar Das All India Forward Bloc
Sankrail SC Haran Hazra Communist Party of India
Uluberia North SC Raj Kumar Mndal Communist Party of India
Uluberia South None Aurobinda Ghosal All India Forward Bloc
Shyampur None Sasabindu Bera Janata Party
Bagnan None Nirupama Chatterjee Communist Party of India
Kalyanpur None Nitai Charan Adak Communist Party of India
Amta None Barindra Nath Koley Communist Party of India
Udaynarayanpur None Pannalal Majhi Communist Party of India
Jangipara None Manindra Nath Jana Communist Party of India
Chanditala None Malin Ghosh Communist Party of India
Uttarpara None Santashree Chattopadhyay Communist Party of India
Serampore None Kamal Krishna Bahattacharayya Communist Party of India
Champdani None Saidndra Nath Chattopadhyay Communist Party of India
Chandernagore None Bhabani Mukherjee Communist Party of India
Singur None Gopal Bandnopadhyay Communist Party of India
Haripal None Balai Bandhopadhyay Communist Party of India
Tarakeswar None Ram Chatterjee Independent
Chinsurah None Sambhu Charan Ghosh All India Forward Bloc
Bansberia None Prabir Kumar Sen Gupta Communist Party of India
Balagarh SC Abimnash Pramanik Communist Party of India
Pandua None Deb Narayan Chakrabarty Communist Party of India
Polba None Brojogopal Neogy Communist Party of India
Dhaniakhali SC Kripa Sindhu Saha All India Forward Bloc
Pursurah None Manoranjan Hazra Communist Party of India
Khanakul SC Panchanan Digpati Janata Party
Arambagh None Ajoy Kr. Dey Janata Party
Goghat SC Nanuram Roy Janata Party
Chandrakona None Umapati Chakrabarty Communist Party of India
Ghatal SC Gopal Mondal Communist Party of India
Daspur None Prabhas Chandra Phadikar Communist Party of India
Nandanpur None Manoranjan Roy Communist Party of India
Panskura West None Sk. Omkar Ali Communist Party of India
Panskura East None Swades Ranjan Maji Janata Party
Tamluk None Biswanath Mukhopadhyay Communist Party of India
Moyna None Pulak Bera Communist Party of India
Mahishadal None Saswati Bag Janata Party
Sutahata SC Shiba Nath Das Janata Party
Nandigram None Prabir Jana Janata Party
Narghat None Bankim Behari Maiti Janata Party
Bhagabanpur None Haripada Jana Janata Party
Khajuri SC Sunirmal Paik Janata Party
Contai North None Rasbehari Pal Janata Party
Contai South None Satya Brata Maiti Janata Party
Ramnagar None Balailal Das Mahapatra Janata Party
Egra None Prabodh Chandra Sinha Janata Party
Mugberia None Kiranmay Nanda Janata Party
Pataspur None Janmejoy Ojha Janata Party
Sabang None Gouranga Samanta Bharter Biplabi Communist Party
Pingla None Haripada Jana Janata Party
Debra None Syed Morazzam Hossain Communist Party of India
Keshpur SC Rajani Kanta Doloi Indian National Congress
Garhbeta East None Subhendu Mondal Communist Party of India
Garhbeta West SC Santosh Bisui Communist Party of India
Salbani None Sundar Hazra Communist Party of India
Midnapore None Bankim Behari Pal Janata Party
Kharagpur Town None Sudhir Dassharma Janata Party
Kharagpur Rural None Sk. Siraj Ali Communist Party of India
Keshiari ST Khudiram Singh Communist Party of India
Narayangarh None Krishna Das Roy Indian National Congress
Dantan None Pradyot Kumar Mahanti Janata Party
Nayagram ST Budhadeb Singh Communist Party of India
Gopiballavpur None Santosh Rana Independent
Jhargram None Ram Chandra Satpathy Communist Party of India
Binpur ST Sambhunath Mandi Communist Party of India
Banduan ST Sudhangshu Sekhar Majhi Communist Party of India
Manbazar None Nakul Chandra Mahata Communist Party of India
Balrampur ST Bikram Tudu Communist Party of India
Arsa None Daman Chandra Kuiry All India Forward Bloc
Jhalda None Satya Ranjan Mahato All India Forward Bloc
Jaipur None Ram Krishna Mahato Indian National Congress
Purulia None Mahadeb Mukherjee Communist Party of India
Para SC Gobinda Bauri Communist Party of India
Raghunathpur SC Bijoy Bauri Socialist Unity Centre of India
Kashipur ST Surendra Nath Majhi Communist Party of India
Hura None Ambarish Mukhopadhyay Communist Party of India
Taldangra None Mohini Mohan Panda Communist Party of India
Raipur ST Apindra Kisku Communist Party of India
Ranibandh ST Suchand Soren Communist Party of India
Indpur SC Binode Behari Maji Janata Party
Chhatna None Subhas Goswami Revolutionary Socialist Party
Gangajalghati SC Nabani Barui Communist Party of India
Barjora None Aswini Kumar Raj Communist Party of India
Bankura None Partha De Communist Party of India
Onda None Anil Mukherjee All India Forward Bloc
Vishnupur None Achintya Krishna Roy Communist Party of India
Kotulpur None Gunadhar Choudhary Communist Party of India
Indas SC Badan Bora Communist Party of India
Sonamukhi SC Sukhendu Khan Communist Party of India
Kulti None Madhu Banerjee Marxist Forward Bloc
Barabani None Sunil Basu Roy Communist Party of India
Hirapur None Bamapada Mukherjee Communist Party of India
Asansol None Haradhan Roy Communist Party of India
Raniganj None Haradhan Roy Communist Party of India
Jamuria None Bikash Chowdhury Communist Party of India
Ukhra SC Lakhan Bagdi Communist Party of India
Durgapur-i None Dilip Kumar Majundar Communist Party of India
Durgapur-ii None Tarun Chatterjee Communist Party of India
Kanksa SC Lakshinarayan Saha Communist Party of India
Ausgram SC Shreedhar Malik Communist Party of India
Bhatar None Bholanath Sen Indian National Congress
Galsi None Debranjan Sen All India Forward Bloc
Burdwan North None Dwarka Nath Tah Communist Party of India
Burdwan South None Benoy Krishna Chowdhry Communist Party of India
Khandaghosh SC Purna Chandra Malik Communist Party of India
Raina None Ram Narayan Goswami Communist Party of India
Jamalpur SC Sunil Santra Marxist Forward Bloc
Memari None Benoy Konar Communist Party of India
Kalna None Guruprasad Sinha Roy Communist Party of India
Nadanghat None Syed Abdul Habibullah Communist Party of India
Manteswar None Hemanta Kumar Roy Communist Party of India
Purbasthali None Manoranjan Nath Communist Party of India
Katwa None Haramohan Sinha Communist Party of India
Mangalkot None Nikhilananda Sar Communist Party of India
Ketugram SC Raicharan Majhi Communist Party of India
Nanur SC Banamali Das Communist Party of India
Bolpur None Jyotsna Kumar Gupta Revolutionary Socialist Party
Labhpur None Sunil Kumar Mazumdar Communist Party of India
Dubrajpur None Bhakti Bhusan Mandal All India Forward Bloc
Rajnagar SC Siddheswar Mandal All India Forward Bloc
Suri None Suniti Chattaraj Indian National Congress
Mahammad Bazar None Dhirendra Nath Sen Communist Party of India
Mayureswar SC Panchanan Let (bara) Communist Party of India
Rampurhat None Shanshaka Sekhar Mondal All India Forward Bloc
Hansan SC Trilochan Mal Revolutionary Communist Party of India
Nalhati None Bhabaui Prasad Chattopadyay All India Forward Bloc
Murarai None Motahar Hossain Indian National Congress

Notes

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  1. ^ Mukhopadhyay was a Rajya Sabha MP representing West Bengal
  2. ^ Sen was the sitting MP for Arambagh

References

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  1. ^ West Bengal (India); Jatindra Chandra Sengupta (1978). West Bengal District Gazetteers: Nadiā. State editor, West Bengal District Gazetteers. p. 420.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i N. Jose Chander (1 January 2004). Coalition Politics: The Indian Experience. Concept Publishing Company. p. 105. ISBN 978-81-8069-092-1.
  3. ^ The Wire. Why Has Nobody Called It Yet? An Analysis of the West Bengal Elections
  4. ^ a b c d Election Commission of India. STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1977 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF WEST BENGAL
  5. ^ a b Bharati Mukherjee (1 January 1991). Political Culture and Leadership in India: A Study of West Bengal. Mittal Publications. pp. 30–31. ISBN 978-81-7099-320-9.
  6. ^ Communist Party of India (Marxist). West Bengal State Committee. Election results of West Bengal: statistics & analysis, 1952-1991. The Committee. p. 419.
  7. ^ New Left Review. RED BENGAL’S RISE AND FALL
  8. ^ a b People's Democracy. West Bengal: How The Left Front And Its Government Emerged Archived 15 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ People's Democracy. Thirty Years of Left Front Government in West Bengal Archived 1 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ Hindustan Times. Timeline of Left Front government in West Bengal
  11. ^ Times of India. CPI(ML) MLA Santosh Rana quits party