List of Indonesian provinces by Human Development Index

This is a list of Indonesian provinces by Human Development Index as of 2023. The data are regularly published every year by Statistics Indonesia.^[1] Below also contains list of cities and regencies that has classification of very high HDI as of 2023, as well as historical data of HDI of Indonesian provinces.

Methodology edit

The figures come from the Indonesia Human Development Report,^[2] published by Statistics Indonesia and Human Development Index (by UN Method) of Indonesian provinces since 1990 (2021 revision).^[3]

Provinces of Indonesia by Human Development Index rankings for 2021

0.801 above

0.726 to 0.800

0.651 to 0.725

0.576 to 0.650

0.575 below

By Statistics Indonesia in 2023 edit

Source published by Statistics Indonesia.^[1]

Rank		Province	HDI		Component
2023 edition^[1]	Change from 2022 edition^[4]		2023 Score	Change from 2022	Life Expectancy Years^[5]	Years of Schooling		Expenditure
2023 edition^[1]	Change from 2022 edition^[4]		2023 Score	Change from 2022	Life Expectancy Years^[5]	Mean^[6]	Expected^[7]	Expenditure
Very high human development
1		Jakarta	0.8355	0.008	75.81	11.64	13.11	19,373
2		Special Region of Yogyakarta	0.8109	0.004	75.18	10.06	15.68	14,924
High human development
3	1	Riau Islands	0.7908	0.006	74.90	10.50	12.92	14,998
4	1	East Kalimantan	0.7820	0.008	74.72	10.24	13.81	13,202
5		Bali	0.7801	0.006	74.88	9.99	13.50	14,382
6	2	Banten	0.7577	0.005	74.77	9.48	12.92	12,601
7	2	West Sumatra	0.7564	0.005	74.14	9.19	13.71	11,380
8	7	North Sumatra	0.7513	0.006	73.67	9.94	13.18	11,049
9	3	North Sulawesi	0.7504	0.005	73.85	9.60	12.78	11,497
10	3	Riau	0.7495	0.005	74.18	9.42	13.21	11,448
11	1	Aceh	0.7470	0.006	73.06	9.66	14.27	10,334
12	2	South Kalimantan	0.7466	0.006	73.97	8.78	12.79	12,953
13	1	East Java	0.7465	0.007	74.87	8.42	13.26	12,421
14	2	South Sulawesi	0.7460	0.006	73.63	8.77	13.40	11,841
-	-	Indonesia (Statistics Indonesia)	0.7439	0.006	73.93	8.99	12.96	11,899
15	3	Bengkulu	0.7430	0.006	73.11	9.20	13.63	11,172
16	6	West Java	0.7424	0.006	74.91	9.07	12.60	11,695
17	1	Bangka Belitung Islands	0.7409	0.006	73.90	8.43	12.12	13,589
18	1	Jambi	0.7373	0.007	73.84	8.96	12.96	11,160
18	4	Central Kalimantan	0.7373	0.006	73.54	8.97	12.86	11,878
20	7	Central Java	0.7339	0.006	74.69	8.21	12.72	11,835
21	3	South Sumatra	0.7318	0.007	74.04	8.59	12.52	11,472
22	5	Southeast Sulawesi	0.7294	0.006	71.79	9.56	13.65	10,117
23	2	North Kalimantan	0.7288	0.006	73.54	9.77	12.95	9,734
24	2	Maluku	0.7275	0.007	70.45	10.30	13.86	9,278
25	1	Lampung	0.7248	0.007	74.17	8.47	12.65	10,769
26	3	West Nusa Tenggara	0.7237	0.007	72.02	8.16	14.09	11,095
27	2	Central Sulawesi	0.7166	0.006	70.66	9.14	13.16	10,149
28	1	Gorontalo	0.7125	0.006	70.50	7.59	12.82	11,069
29	1	North Maluku	0.7098	0.007	70.76	9.51	13.74	8,834
30		West Kalimantan	0.7047	0.007	73.71	7.95	12.63	9,810
Medium human development
31		West Sulawesi	0.6980	0.006	70.76	8.35	12.75	9,718
32		East Nusa Tenggara	0.6840	0.008	71.57	8.13	13.11	8,248
33		West Papua^[a]	0.6747	0.007	68.51	10.45	13.49	8,404
34		Papua^[b]	0.6301	0.008	68.17	7.54	11.32	7,562

Cities and regencies edit

A map showing Indonesian cities and regencies by Human Development Index, based on 2023 data

Very High (≥ 0.800)

High (0.700–0.799)

Medium (0.600–0.699)

Low (≤ 0.599)

List of cities of Indonesia with very high HDI (2023) edit

Rank		City	HDI		Component				Province
2023^[1]	Change from 2022 edition^[4]		2023 Score	Change from 2022	Life Expectancy Years^[5]	Years of Schooling		Expenditure
2023^[1]	Change from 2022 edition^[4]		2023 Score	Change from 2022	Life Expectancy Years^[5]	Mean^[6]	Expected^[7]	Expenditure
Very high human development
1		Yogyakarta	0.8861	0.006	75.52	12.02	17.47	19,920	Special Region of Yogyakarta
2		Banda Aceh	0.8832	0.004	75.02	13.13	17.85	17,521	Aceh
3		South Jakarta	0.8671	0.008	76.02	12.07	13.79	24,975	Jakarta
4		Kendari	0.8551	0.003	75.34	12.91	16.93	15,116	Southeast Sulawesi
5		Salatiga	0.8499	0.006	77.93	11.47	15.42	16,650	Central Java
6	5	Makassar	0.8485	0.004	75.15	11.76	15.55	17,889	South Sulawesi
7	1	Denpasar	0.8468	0.003	75.59	11.90	14.18	20,128	Bali
8	1	Semarang	0.8443	0.003	77.90	11.53	15.74	16,420	Central Java
9	1	East Jakarta	0.8426	0.007	75.37	12.23	13.77	18,712	Jakarta
10	3	Malang	0.8400	0.006	75.32	11.29	15.94	17,222	East Java
11	1	Surabaya	0.8399	0.006	75.82	11.04	15.10	18,977	East Java
12	3	Padang	0.8398	0.003	74.94	11.69	16.34	15,089	West Sumatra
13	1	West Jakarta	0.8385	0.004	75.81	11.51	13.24	21,709	Jakarta
14	7	Madiun	0.8371	0.007	75.40	12.08	14.37	17,115	East Java
14	6	Palu	0.8371	0.005	73.71	12.09	16.04	15,501	Central Sulawesi
16	2	Pekanbaru	0.8367	0.003	75.55	11.95	15.59	14,983	Riau
17	4	South Tangerang	0.8357	0.003	75.64	12.11	14.49	16,225	Banten
18	7	Surakarta	0.8354	0.004	77.63	11.44	14.84	15,870	Central Java
19	11	Bengkulu	0.8338	0.004	74.43	12.11	16.02	14,924	Bengkulu
20	2	Central Jakarta	0.8329	0.004	76.07	11.81	13.50	18,202	Jakarta
20	5	Bandung	0.8329	0.005	75.53	11.31	14.22	18,202	West Java
22	6	Bekasi	0.8306	0.005	75.86	12.06	14.32	16,479	West Java
23	2	Ambon	0.8284	0.004	72.86	12.24	15.63	14,692	Maluku
24	13	Kupang	0.8277	0.004	74.66	12.03	16.42	13,762	East Nusa Tenggara
25	1	Batam	0.8264	0.004	74.98	11.36	13.21	18,990	Riau Islands
26	3	Medan	0.8261	0.005	74.76	11.79	14.63	15,674	North Sumatra
26		Samarinda	0.8261	0.009	75.27	11.10	15.01	15,610	East Kalimantan
28	6	Depok	0.8253	0.005	75.53	11.82	13.94	16,279	West Java
29		Balikpapan	0.8203	0.005	75.34	11.37	14.23	16,195	East Kalimantan
30	2	Palangka Raya	0.8195	0.005	74.23	11.68	15.11	14,727	Central Kalimantan
31	4	Bukittinggi	0.8188	0.004	75.33	11.45	14.50	13,859	West Sumatra
32	1	North Jakarta	0.8185	0.003	75.07	11.30	12.95	19,617	Jakarta
33	1	Ternate	0.8179	0.005	72.55	12.33	15.64	14,042	North Maluku
34	14	Palembang	0.8172	0.005	75.37	11.06	14.48	14,042	South Sumatra
35		Pontianak	0.8163	0.005	75.07	10.70	15.29	15,632	West Kalimantan
35	4	Bontang	0.8163	0.006	74.81	11.12	13.25	17,659	East Kalimantan
37	3	Jayapura	0.8151	0.005	71.76	11.91	15.49	15,272	Papua
38	5	Manado	0.8140	0.004	75.02	11.64	14.11	14,822	North Sulawesi
39	5	Banjarbaru	0.8125	0.004	74.90	11.42	15.71	14,524	South Kalimantan
40	4	Magelang	0.8117	0.008	77.22	11.42	14.59	13,175	Central Java
41	4	Mataram	0.8115	0.005	74.65	10.58	15.71	15,894	West Nusa Tenggara
42	1	Tanjung Pinang	0.8114	0.005	74.68	10.68	14.05	16,213	Riau Islands
43	new	Tangerang	0.8098	0.003	75.30	11.23	13.87	15,377	Banten
44	4	Kediri	0.8097	0.008	75.74	11.15	15.27	13,276	East Java
45	3	Jambi	0.8093	0.005	74.65	11.51	15.17	12,783	Jambi
46		Mojokerto	0.8090	0.007	75.80	11.43	14.31	14,422	East Java
47	10	Blitar	0.8078	0.006	74.97	10.98	14.47	14,548	East Java
48	new	Palopo	0.8077	0.004	74.00	11.14	14.14	13,892	South Sulawesi
49	new	Langsa	0.8050	0.005	73.98	11.39	15.00	12,678	Aceh
50	11	Pematang Siantar	0.8046	0.007	74.75	11.62	14.96	12,984	North Sumatra
51	new	Pangkal Pinang	0.8045	0.007	75.01	10.60	13.24	16,734	Bangka Belitung Islands
52	new	Pare pare	0.8036	0.004	74.44	11.02	14.15	14,495	South Sulawesi
53	new	Lhokseumawe	0.8026	0.009	74.76	11.45	15.27	12,125	Aceh
54	new	Payakumbuh	0.8014	0.009	74.77	10.60	14.20	13,978	West Sumatra
55	new	Sorong	0.8011	0.006	72.83	11.57	14.33	14,133	West Papua

List of regencies of Indonesia with very high HDI (2023) edit

Rank		Regency	HDI		Province
2023^[1]	Change from 2022 edition^[4]	Regency	2023 Score	Change from 2022	Province
Very high human development
1		Sleman Regency	0.8486	0.005	Special Region of Yogyakarta
2		Badung Regency	0.8300	0.008	Bali
3		Sidoarjo Regency	0.8188	0.005	East Java
4		Bantul Regency	0.8174	0.007	Special Region of Yogyakarta

By UNDP reports edit

Rank	Province	Population 2020 Census	HDI Sub Indicator 2021			HDI Total 2021
Rank	Province	Population 2020 Census	(Health)	(Education)	(Income)	Total
1	Jakarta	10,562,088	0.753	0.752	0.772	0.759
2	Special Region of Yogyakarta	3,668,719	0.768	0.769	0.730	0.756
3	Bali	4,317,404	0.739	0.694	0.759	0.730
4	West Sumatra	5,534,472	0.750	0.727	0.708	0.728
5	East Kalimantan^[c]	4,467,853	0.745	0.696	0.737	0.726
6	Riau^[d]	8,458,651	0.737	0.691	0.721	0.716
7	Bengkulu	2,010,670	0.752	0.685	0.711	0.716
8	North Sulawesi	2,621,923	0.704	0.729	0.714	0.716
9	North Sumatra	14,799,361	0.728	0.702	0.703	0.711
10	Aceh	5,274,871	0.729	0.709	0.691	0.709
11	West Java	48,274,160	0.739	0.656	0.729	0.707
12	Banten	11,904,562	0.715	0.662	0.740	0.705
-	Indonesia	270,200,000	0.732	0.667	0.716	0.705
13	Central Java	36,516,035	0.756	0.644	0.716	0.704
14	East Java	40,665,696	0.734	0.653	0.724	0.703
15	South Sulawesi^[e]	10,492,738	0.730	0.667	0.701	0.699
16	Jambi	3,548,228	0.722	0.657	0.718	0.698
17	South Sumatra	8,600,765	0.732	0.654	0.707	0.697
18	Southeast Sulawesi	2,624,875	0.700	0.698	0.691	0.696
19	Lampung	9,007,848	0.732	0.645	0.709	0.694
20	Bangka Belitung Islands	1,517,590	0.688	0.645	0.743	0.691
21	West Nusa Tenggara	5,320,092	0.734	0.653	0.685	0.690
22	Maluku^[f]	3,131,860	0.677	0.728	0.667	0.690
23	South Kalimantan	4,073,584	0.713	0.657	0.699	0.689
24	Central Sulawesi	2,985,734	0.704	0.677	0.675	0.685
25	Central Kalimantan	2,669,969	0.724	0.646	0.678	0.682
26	West Kalimantan	5,414,390	0.754	0.609	0.680	0.679
27	Gorontalo	1,171,681	0.669	0.642	0.679	0.663
28	East Nusa Tenggara	5,325,566	0.706	0.636	0.608	0.649
29	Papua^[g]	5,437,775	0.635	0.671	0.638	0.648

Trends by Statistics Indonesia edit

Province	HDI 2010	HDI 2011	HDI 2012	HDI 2013	HDI 2014	HDI 2015	HDI 2016	HDI 2017	HDI 2018	HDI 2019	HDI 2020	HDI 2021	HDI 2022
Sumatra Region
Aceh	0.6709	0.6745	0.6781	0.6830	0.6881	0.6945	0.7000	0.7060	0.7119	0.7190	0.7199	0.7218	0.7280
North Sumatra	0.6709	0.6734	0.6774	0.6836	0.6887	0.6951	0.7000	0.7057	0.7118	0.7174	0.7177	0.7200	0.7271
West Sumatra	0.6725	0.6781	0.6836	0.6891	0.6936	0.6998	0.7073	0.7124	0.7173	0.7239	0.7238	0.7265	0.7326
Riau	0.6865	0.6890	0.6915	0.6991	0.7033	0.7084	0.7120	0.7179	0.7244	0.7300	0.7271	0.7294	0.7352
Riau Islands	0.7113	0.7161	0.7236	0.7302	0.7340	0.7375	0.7399	0.7445	0.7484	0.7548	0.7559	0.7579	0.7646
Jambi	0.6539	0.6614	0.6694	0.6776	0.6824	0.6889	0.6962	0.6999	0.7065	0.7126	0.7129	0.7163	0.7214
Bengkulu	0.6535	0.6596	0.6661	0.6750	0.6806	0.6859	0.6933	0.6995	0.7064	0.7121	0.7140	0.7164	0.7216
South Sumatra	0.6444	0.6512	0.6579	0.6616	0.6675	0.6746	0.6824	0.6886	0.6939	0.7002	0.7001	0.7024	0.7090
Bangka Belitung Islands	0.6602	0.6659	0.6721	0.6792	0.6827	0.6905	0.6955	0.6999	0.7067	0.7130	0.7147	0.7169	0.7224
Lampung	0.6371	0.6420	0.6487	0.6573	0.6642	0.6695	0.6765	0.6825	0.6902	0.6957	0.6969	0.6990	0.7045
Java Region
Banten	0.6754	0.6822	0.6892	0.6947	0.6989	0.7027	0.7096	0.7142	0.7195	0.7244	0.7245	0.7272	0.7332
Jakarta	0.7631	0.7698	0.7753	0.7808	0.7839	0.7899	0.7960	0.8006	0.8047	0.8076	0.8077	0.8111	0.8165
West Java	0.6615	0.6667	0.6732	0.6825	0.6880	0.6950	0.7005	0.7069	0.7130	0.7203	0.7209	0.7245	0.7312
Central Java	0.6608	0.6664	0.6721	0.6802	0.6878	0.6949	0.6998	0.7052	0.7112	0.7173	0.7187	0.7216	0.7279
Special Region of Yogyakarta	0.7537	0.7593	0.7615	0.7644	0.7681	0.7759	0.7838	0.7889	0.7953	0.7999	0.7997	0.8022	0.8064
East Java	0.6536	0.6606	0.6674	0.6755	0.6814	0.6895	0.6974	0.7027	0.7077	0.7150	0.7171	0.7214	0.7275
Lesser Sunda Islands Region
Bali	0.7010	0.7087	0.7162	0.7209	0.7248	0.7327	0.7365	0.7430	0.7477	0.7538	0.7550	0.7569	0.7644
West Nusa Tenggara	0.6116	0.6214	0.6298	0.6376	0.6431	0.6519	0.6581	0.6658	0.6730	0.6814	0.6825	0.6865	0.6946
East Nusa Tenggara	0.5921	0.6024	0.6081	0.6168	0.6226	0.6267	0.6313	0.6373	0.6439	0.6523	0.6519	0.6528	0.6590
Kalimantan Region
West Kalimantan	0.6197	0.6235	0.6341	0.6430	0.6489	0.6559	0.6588	0.6626	0.6698	0.6765	0.6766	0.6790	0.6863
Central Kalimantan	0.6596	0.6638	0.6666	0.6741	0.6777	0.6853	0.6913	0.6979	0.7042	0.7091	0.7105	0.7125	0.7163
South Kalimantan	0.6520	0.6589	0.6668	0.6717	0.6763	0.6838	0.6905	0.6965	0.7017	0.7072	0.7091	0.7128	0.7184
East Kalimantan	0.7131	0.7202	0.7262	0.7321	0.7382	0.7417	0.7459	0.7512	0.7583	0.7661	0.7624	0.7688	0.7744
North Kalimantan	Part of East Kalimantan			0.6799	0.6864	0.6876	0.6920	0.6984	0.7056	0.7115	0.7063	0.7119	0.7183
Sulawesi Region
West Sulawesi	0.5974	0.6063	0.6101	0.6153	0.6224	0.6296	0.6360	0.6430	0.6510	0.6573	0.6611	0.6636	0.6692
South Sulawesi	0.6600	0.6665	0.6726	0.6792	0.6849	0.6915	0.6976	0.7034	0.7090	0.7166	0.7193	0.7224	0.7282
Southeast Sulawesi	0.6599	0.6652	0.6707	0.6755	0.6807	0.6875	0.6931	0.6986	0.7061	0.7120	0.7145	0.7166	0.7223
Central Sulawesi	0.6329	0.6427	0.6500	0.6579	0.6643	0.6676	0.6747	0.6811	0.6888	0.6950	0.6955	0.6979	0.7028
Gorontalo	0.6265	0.6348	0.6416	0.6470	0.6517	0.6586	0.6629	0.6701	0.6771	0.6849	0.6868	0.6900	0.6981
North Sulawesi	0.6783	0.6831	0.6904	0.6949	0.6996	0.7039	0.7105	0.7166	0.7220	0.7299	0.7293	0.7330	0.7381
Maluku Islands and Papua Region
North Maluku	0.6279	0.6319	0.6393	0.6478	0.6518	0.6591	0.6663	0.6720	0.6776	0.6870	0.6849	0.6876	0.6947
Maluku	0.6427	0.6475	0.6543	0.6609	0.6674	0.6705	0.6760	0.6819	0.6887	0.6945	0.6949	0.6971	0.7022
West Papua	0.5960	0.5990	0.6030	0.6091	0.6128	0.6173	0.6221	0.6299	0.6374	0.6470	0.6509	0.6526	0.6589
Papua	0.5445	0.5501	0.5555	0.5625	0.5675	0.5725	0.5805	0.5909	0.6006	0.6084	0.6044	0.6062	0.6139
Overall
Indonesia	0.6653	0.6709	0.6770	0.6831	0.6890	0.6955	0.7018	0.7081	0.7139	0.7192	0.7194	0.7229	0.7291

Trends by UNDP reports edit

Province	HDI 1990	HDI 1995	HDI 2000	HDI 2005	HDI 2010	HDI 2015	HDI 2019
Sumatra Region
Aceh	0.519	0.557	0.607	0.642	0.674	0.700	0.723
North Sumatra	0.558	0.598	0.638	0.655	0.677	0.702	0.725
West Sumatra	0.531	0.569	0.623	0.645	0.681	0.720	0.742
Riau^[h]	0.527	0.564	0.617	0.659	0.697	0.715	0.730
Jambi	0.512	0.549	0.600	0.635	0.662	0.689	0.712
Bengkulu	0.502	0.537	0.589	0.625	0.667	0.705	0.730
South Sumatra	0.533	0.571	0.608	0.624	0.660	0.691	0.711
Bangka Belitung Islands	0.557	0.596	0.625	0.640	0.675	0.691	0.705
Lampung	0.509	0.544	0.577	0.604	0.648	0.684	0.708
Java Region
Banten	0.559	0.599	0.631	0.634	0.666	0.699	0.719
Jakarta	0.633	0.678	0.722	0.734	0.747	0.757	0.773
West Java	0.509	0.545	0.593	0.632	0.672	0.700	0.721
Central Java	0.524	0.558	0.592	0.620	0.658	0.692	0.718
Special Region of Yogyakarta	0.598	0.637	0.675	0.699	0.724	0.747	0.770
East Java	0.521	0.555	0.598	0.622	0.657	0.693	0.717
Lesser Sunda Islands Region
Bali	0.558	0.595	0.657	0.686	0.699	0.724	0.745
West Nusa Tenggara	0.446	0.471	0.505	0.561	0.619	0.667	0.704
East Nusa Tenggara	0.481	0.516	0.540	0.558	0.606	0.640	0.662
Kalimantan Region
West Kalimantan	0.513	0.547	0.579	0.598	0.638	0.670	0.692
Central Kalimantan	0.507	0.545	0.597	0.636	0.657	0.674	0.696
South Kalimantan	0.526	0.563	0.594	0.615	0.655	0.682	0.703
East Kalimantan^[i]	0.572	0.613	0.660	0.684	0.709	0.724	0.740
Sulawesi Region
South Sulawesi^[j]	0.512	0.547	0.596	0.623	0.656	0.691	0.713
Central Sulawesi	0.489	0.526	0.579	0.612	0.629	0.667	0.699
Southeast Sulawesi	0.510	0.547	0.575	0.606	0.656	0.686	0.710
Gorontalo	0.482	0.520	0.550	0.575	0.612	0.647	0.677
North Sulawesi	0.537	0.577	0.639	0.673	0.692	0.712	0.730
Maluku Islands and Papua Region
Maluku^[k]	0.547	0.587	0.621	0.626	0.650	0.681	0.704
Papua^[l]	0.521	0.559	0.589	0.591	0.586	0.622	0.661
Overall
Indonesia	0.524	0.560	0.603	0.631	0.665	0.696	0.718

Notes edit

^ Includes West Papua and Southwest Papua (province)
^ Includes Papua, South Papua, Central Papua, and Highland Papua (province)
^ Includes North Kalimantan^[3]
^ Includes Riau Islands^[3]
^ Includes West Sulawesi^[3]
^ Includes North Maluku^[3]
^ Includes West Papua (province)^[3]
^ Includes Riau Islands^[3]
^ Includes North Kalimantan^[3]
^ Includes West Sulawesi^[3]
^ Includes North Maluku^[3]
^ Includes West Papua (province)^[3]

References edit

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Indeks Pembangunan Manusia 2023" (in Indonesian). Statistics Indonesia. 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
^ "[New Method] Human Development Index by Province 2018-2020" (in Indonesian). Statistics Indonesia. 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k "Sub-national Human Development Index of Indonesian Provinces, 1990-2019 (New Method)". Institute for Management Research – Radboud University. June 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c "[Metode Baru] Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, 2022-2023" (in Indonesian). Statistics Indonesia. 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
^ ^a ^b "[Metode Baru] Umur Harapan Hidup Saat Lahir (UHH) Hasil Long Form SP2020 (Tahun), 2022-2023" (in Indonesian). Statistics Indonesia. 2024. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Rata-rata Lama Sekolah (RLS) menurut Jenis Kelamin (Tahun), 2022-2023" (in Indonesian). Statistics Indonesia. 2024. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
^ ^a ^b "Angka Harapan Lama Sekolah (HLS) menurut Jenis Kelamin (Tahun), 2022-2023" (in Indonesian). Statistics Indonesia. 2024. Retrieved 23 May 2024.

[8] Includes West Papua and Southwest Papua (province)

[9] Includes Papua, South Papua, Central Papua, and Highland Papua (province)

[fn1-10] Includes North Kalimantan^[3]

[fn0-11] Includes Riau Islands^[3]

[fn2-12] Includes West Sulawesi^[3]

[fn3-13] Includes North Maluku^[3]

[fn4-14] Includes West Papua (province)^[3]

[15] Includes Riau Islands^[3]

[16] Includes North Kalimantan^[3]

[17] Includes West Sulawesi^[3]

[18] Includes North Maluku^[3]

[19] Includes West Papua (province)^[3]

[:1-1] "Indeks Pembangunan Manusia 2023" (in Indonesian). Statistics Indonesia. 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2024.

[2] "[New Method] Human Development Index by Province 2018-2020" (in Indonesian). Statistics Indonesia. 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2021.

[:0-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k "Sub-national Human Development Index of Indonesian Provinces, 1990-2019 (New Method)". Institute for Management Research – Radboud University. June 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2021.

[:2-4] "[Metode Baru] Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, 2022-2023" (in Indonesian). Statistics Indonesia. 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2024.

[:3-5] "[Metode Baru] Umur Harapan Hidup Saat Lahir (UHH) Hasil Long Form SP2020 (Tahun), 2022-2023" (in Indonesian). Statistics Indonesia. 2024. Retrieved 23 May 2024.

[:4-6] "Rata-rata Lama Sekolah (RLS) menurut Jenis Kelamin (Tahun), 2022-2023" (in Indonesian). Statistics Indonesia. 2024. Retrieved 23 May 2024.

[:5-7] "Angka Harapan Lama Sekolah (HLS) menurut Jenis Kelamin (Tahun), 2022-2023" (in Indonesian). Statistics Indonesia. 2024. Retrieved 23 May 2024.

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