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List of metropolitan areas in Europe

(Redirected from Largest European cities and metropolitan areas)

This is a list of metropolitan areas. For a list of urban areas, see List of urban areas in Europe. For a list of cities proper, see List of European cities by population within city limits. For a list of European cities by country, see List of cities in Europe.

This list ranks metropolitan areas in Europe by their population according to three different sources; it includes metropolitan areas that have a population of over 1 million.

Istanbul is Turkey's largest city and Europe's most populous metropolitan area.
Europe and some parts of Africa and Asia by night. Lights reveal the urbanized areas of Europe. It also shows Blue Banana megalopolis from north-west England to northern Italy, and Golden Banana urbanized area between Genoa and Valencia.

Sources edit

List includes metropolitan areas according only to the studies of ESPON, Eurostat, and OECD. For European countries not covered by the three institutions, City Population is used as the population count source for the purpose of assessing the inclusion criteria. For this reason some metropolitan areas, like the Italian Genoa Metropolitan Area (with a population of 1,510,781 as of 2010[1]) or the Ukrainian Kryvyi Rih metropolitan area (with a population of 1,170,953 as of 2019[2]), are not included in this list, with data by other statistic survey institutes.

Figures in the first column come from the OECD Territorial Reviews and correspond to "metropolitan regions". Figures in the second column come from City Population and correspond to "metropolitan areas". Figures in the third and fourth column come from Eurostat's Urban Audit and correspond to Larger Urban Zones (LUZ). Figures in the fifth column come from the ESPON project, "Study on Urban Functions", which defines cities according to the concept of a Functional Urban area (core urban area defined morphologically on the basis of population density, plus the surrounding labour pool defined on the basis of commuting).

Further information on how the areas are defined can be found in the source documents. These figures should be seen as an interpretation, not as conclusive fact.

Metropolitan areas edit

  Areas within the European Union
Metropolitan area name Country OECD
Metropolitan areas
(2020)[3] 		City Population
Urban Agglomeration
(2024)[4] 		Eurostat
Metropolitan region
(2019)[5] 		Eurostat
Metropolitan region
(2018)[5] 		ESPON
Functional Urban Area
(2006)[6]
A Coruña metropolitan area   Spain 423,375 <1,000,000 1,122,006 1,121,417 376,000
Alicante-Elche   Spain 475,402 <1,000,000 1,862,780 1,845,470 645,000[a]
Amsterdam metropolitan area   Netherlands 2,890,428 2,525,000 3,269,905 3,242,852 2,497,000[b]
Antwerp   Belgium 1,146,565 1,240,000 1,053,033 1,047,030 1,406,000[c]
Athens metropolitan area   Greece 3,526,887 3,575,000 3,561,750 3,576,590 3,761,000
Barcelona metropolitan area   Spain 5,105,991 4,875,000 5,575,204 5,514,881 4,082,000[d]
Metropolitan City of Bari   Italy 726,049 <1,000,000 1,234,997 1,257,520 584,000
Belgrade   Serbia — 1,430,000 — — —
Bergamo   Italy 311,971 6,100,000[e] 1,107,159 1,111,035 662,000[f]
Bergen Region   Norway — <1,000,000 1,000,149 996,064 335,000
Berlin metropolitan area   Germany 5,342,958 4,850,000 5,303,846 5,259,363 4,016,000
Bern    Switzerland 503,213 <1,000,000 1,034,977 1,031,126 376,000
Bilbao   Spain 1,014,366 <1,000,000 1,137,191 1,134,848 947,000
Bologna metropolitan area   Italy 790,044 <1,000,000 1,017,551 1,011,291 690,000
Bordeaux   France 1,290,068 1,140,000 1,619,190 1,601,845 918,000
Brescia   Italy 477,611 <1,000,000 1,254,419 1,262,402 384,000
Greater Bristol   United Kingdom 969,256 <1,000,000 1,157,937 1,147,017 1,041,000
Brno   Czech Republic 735,652 <1,000,000 1,187,667 1,183,207 535,000
Brussels metropolitan area   Belgium 2,500,251 2,750,000 2,548,941 2,528,996 2,639,000[c]
Bucharest metropolitan area   Romania 2,219,341 2,200,000 2,315,173 2,302,291 2,064,000
Budapest metropolitan area   Hungary 3,012,001 2,500,000 3,031,160 3,011,598 2,523,000
Cádiz   Spain 252,140 <1,000,000 1,249,739 1,249,245 400,000
Metropolitan City of Catania   Italy 634,134 <1,000,000 1,077,270 1,109,888 707,000
Cardiff   United Kingdom 928,101 <1,000,000 1,140,165 1,135,795 1,097,000
Copenhagen metropolitan area   Denmark 1,945,157 1,770,000 2,045,259 2,030,718 1,881,000[g]
Donetsk   Ukraine — 1,410,000[h] — — —
Dnipro   Ukraine — 1,330,000[i] — — —
Dresden   Germany 1,343,747 <1,000,000 1,343,305 1,341,986 882,000
Dublin Metropolitan Area   Ireland 2,110,459 1,530,000 2,107,749 2,069,386 1,477,000
Metropolitan City of Florence   Italy 791,543 <1,000,000 998,976 1,013,260 645,000[j]
Frankfurt Rhine-Main   Germany 2,729,936 3,300,000 2,710,127 2,693,115 2,764,000[k]
Gdańsk (Tricity)   Poland 1,170,990 <1,000,000 1,328,350 1,317,517 993,000
Greater Glasgow   United Kingdom 1,847,200 1,700,000 1,861,315 1,854,866 1,395,000
Gothenburg   Sweden 1,051,345 <1,000,000 1,709,814 1,690,782 759,000
Grenoble metropolitan area   France 717,469[l] <1,000,000 1,266,669 1,263,563 555,000
The Hague   Netherlands 1,116,798 3,400,000[m] 1,103,368 1,093,212 1,404,000[b]
Hamburg Metropolitan Region   Germany 3,328,679 2,925,000 3,327,940 3,309,215 2,983,000
Hannover   Germany 1,316,006 1,150,000 1,315,405 1,310,558 997,000[n]
Helsinki Metropolitan Area   Finland 1,526,778 1,530,000 1,671,024 1,655,624 1,285,000
Istanbul[o]   Turkey 13,719,061 15,900,000 — — —
Katowice metropolitan area   Poland 2,486,510 2,225,000 2,695,148 2,705,106 3,029,000[p]
Kazan metropolitan area   Russia — 1,590,000 — — —
Kharkiv   Ukraine — 1,600,000[i] — — —
Kyiv metropolitan area   Ukraine — 3,475,000[i] — — —
Kraków metropolitan area   Poland 1,423,235 <1,000,000 1,491,811 1,480,803 1,236,000
Leicester   United Kingdom 910,918 <1,000,000 1,443,399 1,432,212 745,000
Leipzig   Germany 1,049,342 <1,000,000 1,043,293 1,037,782 842,000
Lille   France 1,505,093 1,320,000 2,603,999 2,606,234 1,161,000[q]
Lisbon metropolitan area   Portugal 3,035,487 2,500,000 2,846,332 2,833,679 2,591,000
Łódź metropolitan area   Poland 903,719 <1,000,000 1,070,544 1,074,374 1,165,000
London metropolitan area   United Kingdom 12,451,423 14,900,000 14,372,596 14,257,962 11,203,000
Lyon   France 2,129,101 2,025,000 1,871,364 1,859,524 1,669,000
Madrid metropolitan area   Spain 7,005,286 6,650,000 6,641,649 6,549,520 5,263,000
Málaga-Marbella   Spain 1,211,770[r] 1,090,000 1,660,985 1,651,506 775,000[s]
Malmö   Sweden 690,334 <1,000,000 1,362,164 1,344,689 667,000[g]
Greater Manchester   United Kingdom 3,399,018 3,150,000 3,712,997 3,695,071 2,556,000
Mannheim-Ludwigshafen   Germany 1,191,766 1,590,000 1,189,073 1,184,343 1,136,000[t]
Marseille   France 1,278,124[u] 1,700,000 3,112,990 3,102,054 1,530,000
Merseyside (Liverpool/Birkenhead)   United Kingdom 1,548,752 1,890,000 1,784,475 1,777,603 2,241,000
Milan metropolitan area   Italy 4,985,668 6,100,000[e] 4,344,411 4,336,121 4,136,000[f]
Minsk metropolitan area   Belarus — 2,100,000 — — —
Montpellier   France 801,595[l] <1,000,000 1,171,739 1,159,220 460,000
Moscow metropolitan area   Russia — 19,100,000 — — —
Murcia-Cartagena   Spain 882,745[v] <1,000,000 1,487,663 1,475,569 854,000[w]
Munich   Germany 2,926,802 2,300,000 2,908,664 2,883,373 2,665,000[x]
Nantes   France 1,003,395 <1,000,000 1,427,913 1,412,502 708,000
Naples metropolitan area   Italy 3,349,233 4,050,000 3,048,194 3,101,002 2,905,000[y]
Nice   France 1,020,879 <1,000,000 1,087,266 1,086,219 1,082,000
Nizhny Novgorod   Russia — 1,660,000 — — —
Nottingham-Derby   United Kingdom 935,049[z] 1,380,000 590,043[aa] 587,596[ab] 1,534,000
Northwest Metropolitan Region (Bremen)   Germany 1,274,429 1,000,000 1,277,609 1,274,611 1,077,000
Nuremberg Metropolitan Region   Germany 1,352,002 1,210,000 1,349,848 1,340,886 1,443,000
Odesa   Ukraine — 1,100,000[i] — — —
Greater Oslo Region   Norway 1,420,926 1,260,000 1,305,122 1,287,495 1,037,000
Ostrava metropolitan area   Czech Republic 709,768 <1,000,000 1,203,299 1,205,886 1,046,000[p]
Oviedo-Gijón   Spain 604,802[ac] <1,000,000 1,022,205 1,027,624 706,000[ad]
Palermo metropolitan area   Italy 995,821 <1,000,000 1,231,602 1,260,193 861,000
Paris metropolitan area   France 12,997,058 11,500,000 12,252,917 12,213,447 11,175,000
Perm   Russia — 1,090,000 — — —
Porto Metropolitan Area   Portugal 1,785,248 1,550,000 1,722,374 1,719,702 1,245,000[ae]
Portsmouth-Southampton   United Kingdom 695,204[af] 1,150,000 1,482,547[ag] 1,475,984[ah] 1,547,000
Poznań metropolitan area   Poland 993,656 <1,000,000 1,194,454 1,186,164 919,000
Prague metropolitan area   Czech Republic 2,267,817 1,470,000 2,677,964 2,647,308 1,669,000
Rennes Métropole   France 755,668[l] <1,000,000 1,077,412 1,069,228 517,000
Rhein-Nord[ai] (Düsseldorf - Neuss)   Germany 1,557,269 5,000,000[aj] 1,555,985 1,552,097 3,073,000[ak][al]
Rhein-Süd[ai] (Cologne - Bonn)   Germany 2,004,984 5,000,000[aj] 2,930,084[am] 2,919,070[an] 3,070,000[al]
Riga metropolitan area   Latvia 927,924 <1,000,000 1,003,203 1,005,237 1,195,000
Rome metropolitan area   Italy 4,325,591 3,425,000 4,263,542 4,355,725 5,190,000
Rostov-on-Don   Russia — 1,410,000 — — —
Rotterdam   Netherlands 1,876,165 3,400,000[m] 1,846,933 1,835,354 1,904,000[b]
Rouen   France 705,627[l] <1,000,000 1,254,436 1,255,883 599,000
Ruhr[ai]   Germany 5,115,617 5,650,000 5,111,530 5,113,487 5,376,000[ao][al]
Saarbrücken - Forbach   Germany/
  France 		797,110 <1,000,000 799,746 802,664 1,102,000
Saint Petersburg metropolitan area   Russia — 6,500,000 — — —
Samara   Russia — 1,370,000 — — —
Saratov   Russia — 1,210,000 — — —
Seville   Spain 1,558,006 1,300,000 1,949,640 1,945,236 1,180,000[ap]
Stoke-on-Trent   United Kingdom 484,659 <1,000,000 1,130,317 1,126,654 456,000
Strasbourg   France 853,110[l] <1,000,000 1,138,467 1,133,552 661,000[aq]
Sofia   Bulgaria 1,551,056 1,240,000 1,678,041 1,679,413 1,174,000
Metropolitan Stockholm   Sweden 2,377,081 2,275,000 2,344,124 2,308,143 2,171,000
South Yorkshire (Sheffield-Doncaster)   United Kingdom 1,204,485 1,540,000 1,404,971[ar] 1,397,266[as] 1,869,000
Stuttgart Metropolitan Region   Germany 2,794,283 2,400,000 2,787,724 2,778,591 2,289,000
Thessaloniki metropolitan area   Greece 1,049,937 <1,000,000 1,104,690 1,105,663 1,052,000
Toulouse   France 1,445,789 1,130,000 1,395,382 1,380,672 832,000
Turin metropolitan area   Italy 1,728,714 1,580,000 2,238,663 2,269,120 1,601,000[at]
Tyne and Wear (Newcastle-Sunderland)   United Kingdom 1,192,598 1,470,000 1,177,704 1,172,580 1,599,000
Ufa   Russia — 1,230,000 — — —
Utrecht   Netherlands 887,420 <1,000,000 1,306,912 1,295,484 982,000[b]
Valencia   Spain 1,768,205 1,920,000 2,540,588 2,531,187 1,398,000[au]
Vienna   Austria 3,004,660 2,350,000 2,853,903 2,838,558 2,584,000
Volgograd   Russia — 1,090,000 — — —
Voronezh   Russia — 1,170,000 — — —
Warsaw metropolitan area   Poland 3,209,784 2,500,000 3,053,104 3,025,034 2,785,000
West Midlands conurbation (Birmingham)   United Kingdom 3,122,915 3,250,000 2,558,916 2,545,475 3,683,000
West Yorkshire Built-up Area (Leeds - Bradford)   United Kingdom 2,655,815 2,225,000 1,750,276 1,741,298 2,302,000
Zagreb metropolitan area   Croatia 1,219,858 <1,000,000 1,240,433 1,240,310 —
Zürich metropolitan area    Switzerland 1,401,783 1,490,000 1,520,968 1,504,346 1,615,000

Polycentric metropolitan areas in the European Union edit

Rank Area State Population[7]
1 Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region   Germany 12,190,000
2 Randstad   Netherlands 6,787,000
3 Upper Silesian-Moravian metropolitan area   Poland/   Czech Republic 5,294,000
4 Flemish Diamond   Belgium 5,103,000
5 Vienna-Bratislava metropolitan region   Austria/   Slovakia 4,600,000

See also edit

Regional and country-specific lists edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Total population is 793,000 if the metropolitan area of Elda (148,000) is included.
  2. ^ a b c d Part of the Randstad polycentric urban region consisting of the metropolitan areas of Amsterdam (2,497,000), Rotterdam (1,904,000), The Hague (1,404,000), and Utrecht (982,000). The total population of the region is 6,787,000.
  3. ^ a b The Flemish Diamond metropolitan region, which consists of the metropolitan areas of Brussels, Antwerp, Gent, and Leuven, has a total population of 5,103,000.
  4. ^ Total population is 4,251,000 if the metropolitan area of Mataro (169,000) is included.
  5. ^ a b Including Milan and Bergamo metropolitan areas.
  6. ^ a b Part of a wider Milan polycentric metropolitan area with a total population of 6,011,000.
  7. ^ a b Part of the wider Öresund region, which includes the Danish metropolitan area of Copenhagen (1,881,000) and the Swedish metropolitan areas of Malmö (667,000) and Helsingborg (294,000). The total regional population is 2,842,000.
  8. ^ Probable overestimate
  9. ^ a b c d Doesn't consider the impact of the Russian invasion
  10. ^ Total population is 1,090,000 if the metropolitan areas of Prato (240,000), Pistoia (114,000), and Empoli (91,000) are included.
  11. ^ Part of the Rhein-Main metropolitan region with a total population of 4,149,000, which additionally includes the metropolitan areas of Darmstadt (501,000), Wiesbaden (453,000), and Mainz (431,000).
  12. ^ a b c d e Data for 2019. No data for 2020 available.
  13. ^ a b Including Rotterdam and The Hague metropolitan areas.
  14. ^ Estmation.
  15. ^ 65% of the population lives on the European part
  16. ^ a b Part of the polycentric Katowice-Ostrava metropolitan area with a total population of 5,294,000. The region includes the metropolitan areas of Katowice (3,029,000) Ostrava (1,046,000), Bielsko-Biała (584,000), Rybnik (526,000) and Racibórz (109,000).
  17. ^ Part of the wider Lille-Bassin Minier region with a total population of 3,115,000.
  18. ^ Lists Málaga (877,868) and Marbella (333,902) as two separate metropolitan areas.
  19. ^ Total population is 844,000 if the metropolitan area of Vélez-Málaga (69,000) is included.
  20. ^ Lists Mannheim (683,000) and Ludwigshafen (453,000) as two of eight FUAs within the Rhein-Neckar poly-FUA (2,931,000).
  21. ^ Does not include Aix-en-Provence, which OECD, unlike INSEE, considers as a separate metropolitan area, with a population of 352,097 in 2020.
  22. ^ Lists Murcia (646,099) and Cartagena (236,646) as two separate metropolitan areas.
  23. ^ Lists Murcia-Orihuela poly-FUA (623,000) and Cartagena FUA (231,000) as two separate areas.
  24. ^ Total population is 3,271,000 if the metropolitan area of Augsburg (606,000) is included.
  25. ^ Part of a wider polycentric metropolitan area with a population of 3,714,000.
  26. ^ Does not include Derby, which OECD considers as a separate metropolitan area, with a population of 495,159 in 2020.
  27. ^ Lists Nottingham (331,297) and Derby (258,746) as two separate metropolitan areas.
  28. ^ Lists Nottingham (329,448) and Derby (258,148) as two separate metropolitan areas.
  29. ^ Lists Oviedo (308,314) and Gijón (296,488) as two separate metropolitan areas.
  30. ^ Total population is 844,000 if the metropolitan area of Aviles (139,000) is included.
  31. ^ Part of a wider polycentric urban region with a population of 1,778,000.
  32. ^ Does not include Portsmouth, which OECD considers as a separate metropolitan area, with a population of 542,048 in 2020.
  33. ^ Lists Portsmouth (676,546) and Southampton (806,001) as two separate metropolitan areas.
  34. ^ Lists Portsmouth (673,822) and Southampton (802,162) as two separate metropolitan areas.
  35. ^ a b c Polycentric metropolitan area
  36. ^ a b Including Cologne-Bonn and Düsseldorf-Neuss metropolitan areas.
  37. ^ Includes Duisburg metropolitan area of Ruhr.
  38. ^ a b c Part of the polycentric urban region of Rhein-Ruhr, which has a total population of 12,190,000.
  39. ^ Lists Cologne (2,003,046) and Bonn (927,038) as two separate metropolitan areas.
  40. ^ Lists Cologne (1,994,524) and Bonn (924,546) as two separate metropolitan areas.
  41. ^ Does not include Duisburg metropolitan area.
  42. ^ Total population is 1,262,000 if the metropolitan area of Utrera (82,000) is included.
  43. ^ Total population is 807,000 if the metropolitan area of Offenburg (146,000) is included.
  44. ^ Lists Sheffield (584,028) and Doncaster (820,943) as two separate metropolitan areas.
  45. ^ Lists Sheffield (580,108) and Doncaster (817,158) as two separate metropolitan areas.
  46. ^ Total population is 1,716,000 if the metropolitan area of Pinerolo (115,000) is included.
  47. ^ Total population is 1,499,000 if the metropolitan area of Sagunto (101,000) is included.

References edit

  1. ^ "Urbanismi, Cluster urbani e aree metropolitane – volume primo, Italia" (PDF) (in Italian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
  2. ^ "Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2019" (PDF).(in Ukrainian)
  3. ^ "OECD Data Explorer - Population by age and sex - Cities and FUAs". OECD. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  4. ^ Brinkhoff, Thomas (1 January 2024). "Major Agglomerations of The World". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
  5. ^ a b "Database". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Retrieved 20 Jun 2020. click General and regional statistics / Regional statistics by typology / Metropolitan regions / Demography statistics by metropolitan regions / Population on 1 January by broad age group, sex and metropolitan regions (met_pjanaggr3)
  6. ^ "Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3)]" (PDF). European Spatial Planning Observation Network. March 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015., Final Report, Chapter 3
  7. ^ European Spatial Planning Observation Network, Study on Urban Functions (Project 1.4.3) Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine, Final Report, Chapter 3, (ESPON, 2007) page 241-243

External links edit

  • Geopolis: research group, university of Paris-Diderot, France - Population of urban areas of 10,000 or more
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