Ardabil province (Persian: استان اردبیل) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Ardabil.[4] The province is in the northwest of the country, in Region 3, bordering the Republic of Azerbaijan, and the Iranian provinces of East Azerbaijan, Zanjan, and Gilan.[5] Spanning an area of 18,011 km2, and established in 1993, Ardabil was carved out of the eastern part of East Azerbaijan province.
Ardabil Province
Persian: استان اردبیل | |
|---|---|
 Location of Ardabil province within Iran | |
| Coordinates: 38°26′N 48°06′E / 38.433°N 48.100°E[1] | |
| Country |  Iran |
| Region | Region 3 |
| Capital | Ardabil |
| Counties | 12 |
| Government | |
| • Governor-general | Hamed Ameli |
| • MPs of Assembly of Experts | Hassan Ameli and Fakhreddin Mousavi |
| • Representative of the Supreme Leader | Hassan Ameli |
| Area | |
| • Total | 17,800 km2 (6,900 sq mi) |
| Population (2016)[2] | |
| • Total | 1,270,420 |
| • Density | 71/km2 (180/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+03:30 (IRST) |
| Main language(s) | Persian (official) local languages: Azerbaijani Tati Talysh |
| HDI (2017) | 0.756[3] high · 28th |
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the province had a population of 1,209,968 in 281,433 households.[6] The following census in 2011 counted 1,248,488 people in 337,943 households.[7] According to the census of 2016, the population of Ardabil province had risen to 1,270,420 inhabitants in 377,423 households.[2]
Administrative divisions edit
The population history and structural changes of Ardabil province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.
| Counties | 2006[6] | 2011[7] | 2016[2] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ardabil | 542,930 | 564,365 | 605,992 |
| Aslan Duz[a] | — | — | — |
| Bileh Savar | 54,471 | 53,768 | 51,404 |
| Germi | 89,248 | 84,267 | 76,901 |
| Khalkhal | 92,315 | 92,332 | 86,731 |
| Kowsar | 27,472 | 26,198 | 22,127 |
| Meshgin Shahr | 156,141 | 151,156 | 149,941 |
| Namin | 59,242 | 61,333 | 60,659 |
| Nir | 23,573 | 23,656 | 20,864 |
| Parsabad | 164,576 | 173,182 | 177,601 |
| Sareyn[b] | — | 18,231 | 18,200 |
| Ungut[c] | — | — | — |
| Total | 1,209,968 | 1,248,488 | 1,270,420 |
Cities edit
According to the 2016 census, 866,034 people (over 68% of the population of Ardabil province) live in the following cities:[2]
| City | Population |
|---|---|
| Abi Beyglu | 6,516 |
| Anbaran | 5,757 |
| Ardabil | 529,374 |
| Aslan Duz | 6,348 |
| Bileh Savar | 16,188 |
| Eslamabad | 3,068 |
| Fakhrabad | 999 |
| Germi | 28,967 |
| Hashatjin | 5,725 |
| Hir | 2,080 |
| Jafarabad | 7,226 |
| Khalkhal | 39,304 |
| Kivi | 7,101 |
| Kolowr | 2,347 |
| Kuraim | 831 |
| Lahrud | 2,149 |
| Meshginshahr | 74,109 |
| Moradlu | 671 |
| Namin | 13,659 |
| Nir | 5,873 |
| Parsabad | 93,387 |
| Qosabeh | 2,095 |
| Razey | 1,581 |
| Sareyn | 5,459 |
| Tazeh Kand-e Angut | 2,645 |
| Tazeh Kand-e Qadim | 2,575 |
Geography edit
Many tourists come to the region for its cool climate (max 35 °C (95°F)) during the hot summer months. The winters are bitterly cold, with temperatures plummeting to −25 °C (-13°F).
Its famous natural region is the Sabalan mountains.[clarification needed] The province is considered the coldest province in Iran by many. Large parts of the province are green and forested.
Ardabil's capital stands about 70 km from the Caspian Sea. Neighboring the Caspian Sea and the Republic of Azerbaijan, the city is of political and economic significance.[citation needed]
History edit
The natural features of the province of Ardabil are mentioned in the Avesta, according to which Zoroaster was born by the river Aras and wrote his book in the Sabalan Mountains. During the Muslim conquest of Iran, Ardabil was the largest city in Azarbaijan, and remained so until the Mongol invasion period.[citation needed]
Shah Ismail I started his campaign to nationalize Iran's government and land from here, but consequently announced Tabriz as his capital in 1500 CE. Yet Ardabil remained an important city both politically and economically until modern times.[citation needed]
Culture edit
Ardabil is the seat of the sanctuary and tomb of Shaikh Safî ad-Dîn, eponym of the Safavid dynasty Kulliye. It has many hot springs and natural landscapes which attract tourists.[citation needed] The mineral springs of Ardabil are Beele-Darreh, Sareyn, Sardabeh and Booshloo, which are known throughout Iran for their medicinal qualities. It also has a number of lakes: the largest of which are Ne'or, Shoorabil, ShoorGel, NouShahr and Alooche, which are the habitats of some species of water birds.
Lake Ne'or is located in a mountainous area 48 km south-east of the city of Ardabil. It covers an area of 2.1 km2 and has an average depth of 3 metres. It is fed by springs in the lake bed. Lake Shoorabil is located in a hilly area south of the city of Ardabil and covers an area of 640,000 m2. The surface of the lake is covered with a thin white layer of minerals, which is useful for healing skin diseases and rheumatism. Near the lake there is the leisure complex of Shoorabil. Ardabil is a city of great antiquity. Its origins go back 4000 to 6000 years (according to historical research in this city). This city was the capital of Azerbaijan province in different times, but its golden age was in the Safavid period.
One of the most ancient cities in Iran is Meshkin Shahr. It is located in the north-west of Iran in Azerbaijan, 839 kilometers from Tehran. It is the closest city to the Sabalan mountains. In the past, it was called "Khiav", "Orami", and "Varavi".
Colleges and universities edit
- Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
- Mohaghegh Ardabili University
- Islamic Azad University of Ardabil
- Payam Noor University of Ardabil
- Soureh University of Ardabil
- Islamic Azad University of Khalkhal
Language edit
The primary language of Ardabil province is Azerbaijani, a Turkic language.[11][12][13] Other languages in Ardabil include Tati and Talysh. In and around Khalkhal, there is a significant group of Kurmanji-speaking Kurds known as Gormanj.[14] [15]
See also edit
Media related to Ardabil Province at Wikimedia Commons
Notes edit
- ^ Separated from Parsabad County after the 2016 census[8]
- ^ Separated from Ardabil County after the 2006 census[9]
- ^ Separated from Germi County after the 2016 census[10]
References edit
- ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (22 May 2024). "Ardabil Province" (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
- ^ a b c d "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 24. Archived from the original (Excel) on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
- ^ Habibi, Hassan (21 June 1369). "Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the country's divisions of East Azerbaijan province, centered in the city of Tabriz". Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council. Archived from the original on 23 October 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
- ^ "همشهری آنلاین-استانهای کشور به ۵ منطقه تقسیم شدند (Provinces were divided into 5 regions)". Hamshahri Online (in Persian). 22 June 2014 [1 Tir 1393, Jalaali]. Archived from the original on 23 June 2014.
- ^ a b "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 24. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ a b "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)". Syracuse University (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 24. Archived from the original (Excel) on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ Jahangiri, Ishaq (24 March 2017). "Approval letter regarding country divisions in Parsabad County of Ardabil province". Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran (in Persian). Ministry of Interior. Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 26 March 2023.
- ^ Davoudi, Parviz (15 July 2009). "With the approval of the government, Sareyn became a county". Islamic Republic News Agency (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Political and Defense Commission. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
- ^ Jahangiri, Ishaq (18 September 2019). "Approval letter regarding country divisions in Germi County of Ardabil province". Islamic Council Research Center (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Council of Ministers. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
- ^ Iran A Country Study, Author Federal Research Division, Edition reprint, Publisher Kessinger Publishing, 2004, ISBN 1-4191-2670-9, ISBN 978-1-4191-2670-3, Length 340 pages
- ^ Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: S-Z Volume 4 of Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World, James Minahan, ISBN 0-313-31617-1, ISBN 978-0-313-31617-3, Author James Minahan, Publisher Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, ISBN 0-313-32384-4, ISBN 978-0-313-32384-3, Length 2241 pages
- ^ "CIAO". Archived from the original on 1 December 2007. Retrieved 9 July 2013.
- ^ "گذری بر تاریخچه کُردهای خلخال".
- ^ "Talysh".
External links edit
- Encyclopedia of Orient About Ardabil Archived 2019-12-31 at the Wayback Machine
- "Ardabil-Iran Carvan Tourism". Archived from the original on 29 March 2006. Retrieved 27 October 2005.
- Ardabil Archived 2007-03-11 at the Wayback Machine entries in the Encyclopædia Iranica Archived 2006-10-19 at the Wayback Machine
- "site of meshkin shahr". Archived from the original on 16 July 2008. Retrieved 30 October 2009.