Al Ustadh (Arabic: الأستاذ, lit. 'The Master') was a satirical, literary and political journal that was established by Abdullah Al Nadim in Cairo, Egypt, and published for eleven months in the period August 1892–June 1893. Although it was a short-lived publication, it played an important role in the development of short story genre in Arabic.[1]
| Editor | Abdullah al-Nadeem |
|---|---|
| Categories | Satirical magazine Literary magazine Political magazine |
| Founder | Abdullah Al Nadim |
| Founded | 1892 |
| First issue | 24 August 1892 |
| Final issue | 13 June 1893 |
| Country | Egypt |
| Based in | Cairo |
| Language | Arabic |
History and profile edit
Al Ustadh was launched by Abdullah Al Nadim, an Egyptian writer and political activist, as his third journal in Cairo in 1892.[2][3] The first issue appeared on 24 August 1892.[4] Al Nadim had been living out of Cairo for a decade following the ʻUrabi revolt and started Al Ustadh shortly after his return to the city.[5][6] He established the journals Al Tankit wal Tabkit and Al Taif before his exile.[3] Sabry Hafez argues that of his journals Al Ustadh is the most prominent one in terms of its influence.[5]
Al Nadim adopted a rationalist approach when he started Al Ustadh[3] which featured satirical content and drawings,[7] didactic fictional materials[2] and political articles.[8] The fictional materials were written in the colloquial prose like those in Abu Naddara, a magazine by Yaqub Sanu.[9] In the articles published in Al Ustadh Al Nadim frequently referred to his former writings published in his early journal Al Tankit wal Tabkit and focused on the Arabic language as a major element of the national identity of Egyptians.[3][10] He also published sketches of hashish consumption which he considered as one of the reasons for the underdeveloped status of the Egyptian society.[11] Al Nadim was forced by Cromer, British colonial administrator in Egypt, to close Al Ustadh, and the last issue appeared on 13 June 1893 which contained a letter of thanks to the subscribers .[4][12][13] Following this incident Al Nadim left Egypt due to his ongoing opposition to the British rule in Egypt.[7][10]
References edit
- ^ Sabry Hafez (2000). "Literary Innovations: Schools and Journals". Quaderni di Studi Arabi. 18: 24. JSTOR 25802892.
- ^ a b Elisabeth Kendall (July 1997). "The Marginal Voice: Journals and the Avant-garde in Egypt". Journal of Islamic Studies. 8 (2): 218–219. doi:10.1093/jis/8.2.216.
- ^ a b c d Mohammad Rihan (2018). "Egypt's National Identity According to 'Abdallah al-Nadim". Hawliyat. 17 (17): 55. doi:10.31377/HAW.V17I0.67. S2CID 56341385.
- ^ a b Saad Ghazi Abi-Hamad (2007). Dueling perceptions: British and Egyptian interactions, 1882–1919 (PhD thesis). University of Texas at Austin. pp. 49, 58. ISBN 978-0-549-10086-7. ProQuest 304811331.
- ^ a b Sabry Hafez (2017). "Cultural Journals and Modern Arabic Literature: A Historical Overview". Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics (37): 7. JSTOR 26191813.
- ^ Matthew S. Hopper (2012). "Book review". International Journal of African Historical Studies. 45 (3). JSTOR 24393064.
- ^ a b Afaf Lutfi Al Sayyid Marsot (January 1971). "The Cartoon in Egypt". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 13 (1): 12. doi:10.1017/S0010417500006083. JSTOR 178195. S2CID 143399313.
- ^ Lisa Pollard (2000). "The Family Politics of Colonizing and Liberating Egypt, 1805-1923". Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society. 7 (1): 62. doi:10.1093/sp/7.1.47.
- ^ Elliot Colla (2009). "How Zaynab Became the First Arabic Novel". History Compass. 7: 9. doi:10.1111/j.1478-0542.2008.00573.x.
- ^ a b Mohamed Amr Gamal-Eldin (2012). Charity and Nationalism: The Case of 'Abd Allah al-Nadim's Islamic Philanthropic Society (MA thesis). The American University in Cairo. pp. 30–32.
- ^ Liat Kozma (2011). "Cannabis Prohibition in Egypt, 1880–1939: From Local Ban to League of Nations Diplomacy". Middle Eastern Studies. 47 (3): 446–447. doi:10.1080/00263206.2011.553890. S2CID 143922021.
- ^ Dennis Walker (Spring 1994). "Egypt's Arabism: Mustafa Kamil's 1893 Play (Fatḥ al-Andalus) on the. Muslim Conquest of Spain". Islamic Studies. 33 (1): 60. JSTOR 20840156.
- ^ Caesar A. Farah (2010). Arabs and Ottomans. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press. p. 66. doi:10.31826/9781463225445-007. ISBN 9781617190896.